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Memory: The Persistence of Learning Over Time Through The Storage and Retrieval of Information

Memory is the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information. There are three main stages of memory: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the processing of information into the memory system. Storage is the retention of encoded material over time. Retrieval is the process of getting information out of storage. There are three main types of memory: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Sensory memory briefly stores sensory information, short-term memory holds around 7 items for 20 seconds, and long-term memory is the unlimited storehouse of explicit and implicit memories.

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74 views21 pages

Memory: The Persistence of Learning Over Time Through The Storage and Retrieval of Information

Memory is the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information. There are three main stages of memory: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the processing of information into the memory system. Storage is the retention of encoded material over time. Retrieval is the process of getting information out of storage. There are three main types of memory: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Sensory memory briefly stores sensory information, short-term memory holds around 7 items for 20 seconds, and long-term memory is the unlimited storehouse of explicit and implicit memories.

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Scrantonicity
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Memory

The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.

Take out a piece of paper..


Name the seven dwarves..

Now name them..

Was it easy or hard?


It depends on several things. If you like Disney movies? When was the last time you have seen the movie? Are people around you being loud pain in the butts so you cannot concentrate?

Recall Versus Recognition


Recall you must retrieve the information from your memory fill-in-the blank or essay tests Recognition you must identify the target from possible targets multiple-choice tests

The Memory Process


Three step process. 1. Encoding: The processing of information into the memory system.

2. Storage: The retention of encoded material over time.


3. Retrieval: The process of getting the information out of memory storage.

Three Box Model of Memory

Sensory Memory
A split second holding tank for ALL sensory information. Sperlings research on Iconic Memory Echoic Memory

Short Term Memory


The stuff we encode from the sensory goes to STM. Events are encoded visually, acoustically or semantically. Holds about 7 (plus or minus 2) items for about 20 seconds. We recall digits better than letters.
Short Term Memory Activity

Ways to remember things in STMso they go to LTM


Chunking: Organizing items into familiar, manageable units.
1-4-9-2-1-7-7-6-1-8-1-2-1-9-4-1

Mnemonic devices
Rehearsal
"Mary Very Easily Makes Jam Saturday Unless No Plums."

Long Term Memory


Unlimited storehouse of information. Explicit (declarative) memories Implicit (nondeclarative) memories

Explicit Memories
Episodic Memories

Semantic Memories

Implicit Memories
Procedural Memories

Conditioned Memories

Take out a piece of paper and name all the Presidents

Encoding Information
Primacy Effect Recency Effect Serial Positioning Effect

Spacing Effect
DO NOT CRAM!!!!!!!!!!!! Ebbinghauss Forgetting Curve

Encoding Exercise

The Ways we can encode


Visual Encoding: the encoding of picture images. Acoustic Encoding: the encoding of sound, especially the sounds of words. Semantic Encoding: the encoding of meaning.

The Context Matters!!!


Flashbulb Memories Mood Congruent Memory State Dependent Memory

Memories are not always what they seem. Elizabeth Loftus A constructed memory is a created memory. Misinformation effect

Constructive Memory

Forgetting

Forgetting
Retroactive Interference: new information blocks out old information.
Proactive Interference: old information blocks out new information.

Getting a new bus number and forgetting old bus number.

Calling your new girlfriend by old girlfriends name.

Storing Memories
Long Term-Potentiation long-lasting enhancement in signal transmission between two neurons that results from stimulating them synchronously. In other wordsthey learn to fire together and get better at itcreating a memory.

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