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An Expert System Is A Computer Program That Is Designed To Hold The Accumulated Knowledge of One or More Domain Experts

An expert system is a computer program that is designed to hold the accumulated knowledge of one or more domain experts

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Nikhil Jaiswal
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172 views

An Expert System Is A Computer Program That Is Designed To Hold The Accumulated Knowledge of One or More Domain Experts

An expert system is a computer program that is designed to hold the accumulated knowledge of one or more domain experts

Uploaded by

Nikhil Jaiswal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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An expert system is a computer program that is designed to hold the accumulated knowledge of one or more domain experts

What is an Expert System (ES)?


Relies on internally represented knowledge to perform

tasks
Utilizes reasoning methods to derive appropriate new

knowledge
Usually restricted to a specific problem domain Some

systems

try

to

capture

common-sense

knowledge

Definitions Expert System


a computer system that emulates the decision-making

ability of a human expert in a restricted domain.


An intelligent computer program that uses knowledge

and inference procedures to solve problems that are difficult enough to require significant human expertise for their solutions.

Main Components of an ES
Expertise
Knowledge Base Facts / Information Inference Engine Expertise

ES Components
knowledge base contains essential information about the problem domain often represented as facts and rules inference engine mechanism to derive new knowledge from the knowledge base and the information provided by the user often based on the use of rules

General Concepts and Characteristics of ES


knowledge representation inference knowledge acquisition

explanation

When to Use ESs


expert systems are not suitable for all types of domains

and tasks
conventional algorithms are known and efficient the main challenge is computation, not knowledge knowledge cannot be captured easily users may be reluctant to apply an expert system to a

critical task

ES Tools
ES languages higher-level languages specifically designed for knowledge representation and reasoning SAIL, KRL, KQML shells an ES development tool/environment where the user provides the knowledge base

ES Elements
knowledge base
inference engine working memory agenda explanation facility knowledge acquisition facility user interface

ES Structure
User Interface Knowledge Acquisition Facility

Knowledge Base

Inference Engine Agenda Explanation Facility Working Memory

Rule-Based ES
knowledge is encoded as IF THEN rules these rules can also be written as production rules the inference engine determines which rule antecedents

are satisfied
the left-hand side must match a fact in the working

memory

satisfied rules are placed on the agenda rules on the agenda can be activated (fired) an activated rule may generate new facts through its right-hand side the activation of one rule may subsequently cause the activation of other rules

IF THEN Rules

Rule: Red_Light IF the light is red THEN stop Rule: Green_Light IF the light is green THEN go

Example Rules

antecedent (left-hand-side) consequent (right-hand-side)

Production Rules antecedent (left-hand-side)


the light is red ==> stop the light is green ==> go consequent (right-hand-side)

Foundations ofExpert Expert Rule-Based SystemsSystems


Inference Engine Pattern Matching Rete Algorithm Markov Algorithm Knowledge Base

Conflict Resolution Action Execution

Facts

Rules
Post Production Rules

ES Advantages
economical
lower cost per user

availability
accessible anytime, almost anywhere

response time
often faster than human experts

reliability
can be greater than that of human experts no distraction, fatigue, emotional involvement,

explanation
reasoning steps that lead to a particular conclusion

intellectual property
cant walk out of the door

Components of an Expert System


The knowledge base is the collection of facts and

rules which describe all the knowledge about the problem domain The inference engine is the part of the system that chooses which facts and rules to apply when trying to solve the users query The user interface is the part of the system which takes in the users query in a readable form and passes it to the inference engine. It then displays the results to the user.

Why use Expert Systems?


Experts

are not always available. An expert system can be used anywhere, any time.

Human experts are not 100%

reliable or consistent.
Experts may not be good at

explaining decisions
Cost effective

Problems with Expert Systems


Limited domain
Systems are not always up to

date, and dont learn


No common sense Experts needed to setup and

maintain system

Legal and Ethical Issues


Who is responsible if the advice is wrong? The user? The domain expert? The knowledge engineer? The programmer of the expert system shell? The company selling the software?

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