The document summarizes steelmaking processes including the use of blast furnaces, electric arc furnaces, ladle refining furnaces, vacuum degassing, and continuous casting. It describes the key raw materials used such as iron ore, carbon sources, and scrap metal. It also provides details on equipment, temperatures, chemical adjustments, and goals for various stages of steel production.
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The document summarizes steelmaking processes including the use of blast furnaces, electric arc furnaces, ladle refining furnaces, vacuum degassing, and continuous casting. It describes the key raw materials used such as iron ore, carbon sources, and scrap metal. It also provides details on equipment, temperatures, chemical adjustments, and goals for various stages of steel production.
The document summarizes steelmaking processes including the use of blast furnaces, electric arc furnaces, ladle refining furnaces, vacuum degassing, and continuous casting. It describes the key raw materials used such as iron ore, carbon sources, and scrap metal. It also provides details on equipment, temperatures, chemical adjustments, and goals for various stages of steel production.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
The document summarizes steelmaking processes including the use of blast furnaces, electric arc furnaces, ladle refining furnaces, vacuum degassing, and continuous casting. It describes the key raw materials used such as iron ore, carbon sources, and scrap metal. It also provides details on equipment, temperatures, chemical adjustments, and goals for various stages of steel production.
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BY SUMAN MALLICK
SMS PROCESSES BLAST FURNACE(Iron ore, carbon, limestone) ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE(Scrap, Sponge iron, pig iron) L.R.F(Refinement, Fe alloys, Argon purging)
CASTER(Al. wire, feeding mould EMS)
V.D
RAW MATERIAL HOT METAL DRI SKULL
SCRAP LIME DOLOMATIC LIME
CONTI.
HOT METAL (COMPOSITION &ELEMENT USE) C- 3.5-4% SI- 0.7-0.8% MN- VERY LESS S- 0.02-0.05% P- 0.08-0.1% FE- 98.50-99.75% DRI (50-55 TONN) FE- 81% OXIDE- 9-10% C- 0.2% SI- 3.2-3.5% SCRAP(1.54-2.0%)
CONTI.. LIME(CAO) CAO- 83-84% MGO- 1.65%
SI 1.5% DOLOMATIC LIME CAO- 63-66% MGO- 16-18% SI- 3.5-4.0%
E.A.F ( Electric Arc Furnace)
Tapping Process An electric arc furnace (EAF) is a furnace that heats
charged material by means of an electric arc. Arc furnaces range in size from small units of approximately one ton capacity (used in foundries for producing cast iron products) up to about 400 ton units used for secondary steelmaking. Electric arc furnace temperatures can be up to 1,800 degrees Celsius.
Metallic Input: Hot Metal (60-65 tonn) DRI (50-55 tonn) Scrap (adequate(up to 5 tonn)) (Transformer capacity 100MVA/T)
Equipment Oxygen blowing
CPC & Lime Addition All these contributes to Tap To Tap Time (Minimum- 40-50min(approximate)) Working Temperature (1550-1600C)
L.R.F. (Ladle Refining Furnace)
Function of LRF The Ladle furnace is used to heat the steel and achieved the
final composition of steel by adding Ferro alloy, Argon bubbling is applied to homogenize the steel composition and temperature. Heating of up to 3C per minute is achieved by a set of graphite electrode, which are lowered into the slag layer, Just above the molten steel surface Another purpose of the ladle furnace is to act as a holding furnace between the EAF and continuous casting machine.
LRF Processes Deoxidization Desulphurization (through lime addition) Chemical Adjustments (through addition of Fe alloys)
Refining Temperature Control Homogenization of Compositions (through Argon
Purging)
V.D. (Vacuum Degassing)
Function of V.D. Vacuum treatment of the steel is the most important
secondary metallurgical process. The tank degasser is used to remove gaseous element, non-metallic inclusion and Sulphur from the steel. The removal of Non-metallic inclusion is achieved through slag metal interactions, which are promoted by strong argon flushing within the vacuum tank.
Cont.. Principle of operation RH degasser
Continuous Casting Continuous casting (also called strand casting) is
the process whereby molten metal is solidified into a "semi finished" billet, bloom, or slab for subsequent rolling in the finishing mills. This process is used most frequently to cast steel (in terms of tonnage cast).
Equipments 1. Ladle 2. Stopper 3. Tundis 4. Shroud 5. Mold 6. Roll support 7. Turning zone 8. Shroud 9. Bath level 10. Meniscus 11. Withdrawal unit 12. Cutting zone
