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    Phasediagramsthermo 09

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    vishakhshukla
    The document defines key terms related to phase changes including melting point, freezing point, boiling point, and sublimation. It also provides examples of phase changes for water and discusses pressure-temperature phase diagrams. Key concepts covered include heat of reaction, exothermic and endothermic processes, and calculating heat and enthalpy changes using specific heat capacity.

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    Phasediagramsthermo 09

    Uploaded by

    vishakhshukla
    193 views14 pages
    The document defines key terms related to phase changes including melting point, freezing point, boiling point, and sublimation. It also provides examples of phase changes for water and discusses pressure-temperature phase diagrams. Key concepts covered include heat of reaction, exothermic and endothermic processes, and calculating heat and enthalpy changes using specific heat capacity.

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    phasediagramsthermo09

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    The document defines key terms related to phase changes including melting point, freezing point, boiling point, and sublimation. It also provides examples of phase changes for water and discusses pressure-temperature phase diagrams. Key concepts covered include heat of reaction, exothermic and endothermic processes, and calculating heat and enthalpy changes using specific heat capacity.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    193 views14 pages

    Phasediagramsthermo 09

    Uploaded by

    vishakhshukla
    The document defines key terms related to phase changes including melting point, freezing point, boiling point, and sublimation. It also provides examples of phase changes for water and discusses pressure-temperature phase diagrams. Key concepts covered include heat of reaction, exothermic and endothermic processes, and calculating heat and enthalpy changes using specific heat capacity.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Definitions

    • Melting Point – the temperature at


    which a substance changes from
    solid to a liquid.
    • Freezing Point – the temperature at
    which a substance changes from a
    liquid to a solid.
    • Boiling Point – the temperature at
    which a substance changes from
    liquid to a gas.
    • Sublimation – direct change from
    solid to gas
    Heating Curve for Water
    Sample Question
    • When water decreases to a temperature of
    2˚C, the molecules begin to realign
    themselves. Which phase change is the
    water beginning to undergo?
    • Freezing (liquid to solid)
    • When water increases to a temperature of
    98˚C, the molecules begin to move further
    apart from each other and move more
    rapidly. Which phase change is the water
    beginning to undergo?
    • Boiling (liquid to gas)
    A Different Type of
    Phase Diagram
    Ques tions
    • At what pressure
    will the substance
    sublimate at 3 ˚C?

    • At what pressure
    will the substance
    boil at 12 ˚C?
    • Thermochemistry- heat changes that
    occur during chemical reactions.
    • Heat of Reaction= energy released or
    absorbed in a chemical rxn.
    • Energy – capacity for doing work or
    supplying heat.
    • Heat – (Q) is energy that transfers
    from one object to another because
    of temperature difference between
    them.
    • Exothermic – a process that releases
    heat to its surroundings. The energy
    released comes from breaking
    chemical bonds.
    • Reactants are higher in energy than
    products.
    • Endothermic – a process that
    absorbs heat from the surroundings.
    • Products are higher in energy than
    reactants.
    Thermochemical
    Equations
    • Thermochemical equations – include
    the amount of heat absorbed in a
    reaction.
    • Heat can be treated like any other
    reactant or product in a balanced
    equation.
    • Joules are the metric unit for heat &
    all other energy.
    • 1J = 1 Nm or 1 kg.m2/s2
    • EX. C + O2  CO2 + 393.5 kJ
    Measuring & Expressing
    Heat Changes
    • Enthalpy – ( H) the heat
    content of a system at constant
    temperature & pressure.
    • Enthalpy changes describe the
    energy absorbed or released
    during a reaction.
    • Endothermic – (+) H
    • Exothermic – (-) H
    Specific Heat
    • Heat Capacity – the amount of heat needed
    to change an object’s temperature by 1
    degree Celsius or Kelvin.
    • Mass & composition affect heat capacity.
    • Specific Heat Capacity or Specific Heat –
    the amount of energy needed to raise the
    temperature of 1 g of something by a
    degree Celsius/Kelvin.
    • Water has a high specific heat, metals have low
    sp. heat.
    • Be careful of units. (See ex p. 513)
    • Specific heat is in J/goC or other energy
    units such as cal/goC
    Enthalpy Equation:

    Q = mCp T

    m = Mass
    Cp = specific heat
    Q = Heat
    T = Tfinal - Tinitial
    Example Problem
    • How much heat energy is required to
    raise the temperature of 10 grams of
    ice from –100C to 00C?
    • Q = mCp T
    • Cp of ice= 2.1 J/g0C
    • m = 10 g
    • T = 00C – (–100C)
    • Q=?
    • Heat = (2.1 J/g0C)(10g)(100C)
    • Heat = 210 J
    Your Turn!
    • A 200-gram sample of iron, initially
    at 00C is heated to 370C. Determine
    the energy attained by the iron
    sample if the specific heat capacity
    of iron is 0.11 cal/g0C.
    • Cp = 0.11 cal/g0C
    • m = 200 g
    • T = 370C – 00C
    • Q= ?
    • Heat = (0.11 cal/g0C)(200g)(370C)
    • Heat = 814 cal
    Besides being
    African American,
    Barack Obama is
    the first U.S.
    president to be….
    …..an only child
    (although he does have
    a half sister).

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