Types of Pumps

IMT 124 PUMPS May 2008

Centrifugal Pumps
A rotating vane disk attached to a drive shaft moves fluid without pulsation as it spins. The outlet can be restricted without damaging the pump.

Centrifugal Pumps
A Centrifugal pump is often thought of as the simplest and most widely used of all the various pump types. A centrifugal pump has a rotating impeller, within a casing, which imparts radial velocity to the liquid, which then exits the pump by way of the discharge nozzle. The flow is smooth and will change according to the system backpressure
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Bellows Pumps
BellowsThese pumps move fluid through a reciprocating bellows cavity that is coupled to a driving rod. Pumps are found in the "Metering" and "Positive Displacement" pump sections.

Diaphragm Pumps
Pulsations of one or two flexible diaphragms displace liquid while check valves control the direction of the fluid flow.

Diaphragm Pumps
Diaphragm pumps are commonly referred to as mud hogs, mud hens and mud suckers. Their names reflect their popularity for use in applications where shallow depths and slurry water render centrifugal pumps ineffective.

Diaphragm Pumps
A diaphragm pump provides the lowest rate of discharge and head by comparison of any contractor grade pump.
The most popular are 2 and 3 inch gasoline

powered models producing flows in the range of 50 to 85 GPM.

Diaphragm Pumps
They have the ability to handle air without losing their prime and of handling water with a solid content greater than 25% by volume.

Diaphragm Pumps
Another design benefit is that diaphragm pumps do not run the risk of being damaged if run for long periods of time. Since there is no impeller or volute the only wear parts are the flapper (inlet and outlet) valves along with the diaphragm

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Drum Pumps
A motor attached to an impeller is mounted on top of a drum. The impeller pushes fluid up the tube set when submersed.

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Flexible Liner Pumps

The outer surface of an inert liner and inner surface of a rotating body block create a fluid channel used to gently pump fluids without pulsation.

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Flexible Impeller
Elastomeric impeller traps fluid between the impeller blades and a molded housing that sweeps fluid through the pump housing.

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Flexible Impeller
Simple design - Easy to select, service and use Small dimensions vs capacity - Can be installed in confined places Reversible - Recovery of product from discharge pipe Inexpensive - Low investment
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Flexible Impeller
Minimum/zero clearances - Extremely good self-priming capacity, displaces air and gas positively or aerated products Smooth operating principle - Fragile and/or shear sensitive products can be handled Rubber impeller design - Hard/soft solids transported through the pump without damage to pump or product
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Gear Pumps
Fluid is trapped between the teeth of two or three rotating gears. Gear pumps are good for high system-pressure applications and are often magnetically driven.

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Hand Pumps
Manually powered pumps of various designs used for short term or repetitive liquid transfer applications.

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Peristaltic (tubing)
Fluid only contacts the tubingrollers of a motor-driven pump head push the fluid along the tubing as they rotate. Noncontaminating and easy to clean.

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Piston Pumps
Rotating pistons of varying stroke lengths pump fluids through check valves. Good for high-pressure applications.

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Progressing Cavity
The cavity between a screw-style rotor and stator force high-viscosity and particulate-filled fluids through the pump.

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Rotary Lobe Pumps

Lobe-shaped rotors gently fill with and dispense fluids containing soft particles, solids, and highly viscous fluids. Sanitary construction is perfect for use in the food and beverage industries.

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Circumferential Piston Pump

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Rotary Vane Pumps

Operate like flexible impeller pumps but use an impeller made of a rigid material useful for high-pressure or low-shear applications.

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Submersible/Immersible
Centrifugal pumps in a specialized housing used for emptying tanks or sumps.

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Sump Pumps
Are used to remove water from basements and crawl spaces in homes. Fairly inexpensive, they can be used for other uses, such as pumping a swimming pool or irrigating a garden. Generally power is 110 volts.

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Sump Pumps
Sump pumps are generally sold according to the horsepower rating of the pump motor. You will see horsepower, 1/3 horsepower and horsepower pumps available. Although the horsepower of the pump is a good yardstick to use in judging which size pump to buy, a more accurate way is to look at the GPH or, Gallons Per Hour that the unit is capable of pumping.
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Sump Pumps
For instance, you will find horsepower sump pumps that can pump 3,000 gallons per hour and you will also see other horsepower pumps that are capable of pumping over 7,500 gallons per hour. As you can see, horsepower ratings are not very accurate in judging which size pump to buy
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Pedestal Pumps
One of the most common types of sump pumps is a pedestal pump. A motor is mounted on a small pedestal. The entire unit usually stands about 30" tall. A hose or a pipe extends down from the motor to the bottom of the pit. On a separate metal rod there is a float. As the water level in the pit raises and lowers, this float moves up and down. This is called a float switch. When the float reaches a certain height (because the water level pushed it there), it activates the motor and the water is sucked up through the hose and ejected through another pipe. The motor on this pump is not designed to be underwater. The switch will always activate before the water level comes up to the bottom of the pump. (Brian Simkins web site)
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Switch Motor

Float Intake Discharge

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Submersible Pumps
Another type of sump pump is a submersible pump. It is a much smaller unit, usually about 12" tall, that sits in the bottom of your sump pit. Some pumps that fall within this style have a float switch on a rod just like the pedestal pump, but the rod is only about 4 inches tall. Others have a different type of float switch. The electrical switch itself is encased in a hard plastic bubble. As the water level rises, the bubble floats. When it floats so high that it reaches a vertical position above the pump, the switch is activated and the pump kicks on.

(Brian Simkins is a freelance writer living in Chicago. He enjoys using his 14 years of home improvement experience to educate and equip new home owners.)
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Discharge

Float switch

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Float switch

Discharge
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Well Pumps
There are two general types of well pumps: submersible well pumps and jet pumps. Shallow well jet pumps are used for wells under 25 feet deep, and have no working parts submerged in water. Deep well jet pumps on the other hand, can be used for wells up to 75 feet deep, and have their ejectors installed in the well itself.
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Well Pumps
Submersible well pumps, as their name imply, are used underwater in wells. A small electric motor (called a driver) is installed in the well shaft, usually below the pump itself, and an electric cable is attached to the motor. Piping is then fitted from the pump, through the length of the shaft and into the home. Unlike their shallow-end counterparts, submersible well pumps may be set hundreds of feet beneath the water in a well. When the pump is activated, the motor, which consists of a number of impellers and diffusers which spin on a common shaft (called stages), pushes water up out of the well.
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Well Pumps
Because the diameter of wells is restrictive, the impellers have to be stacked on top of each other to exert enough pressure to force the water up through the pipe. This is why submersible well pumps are very long. A standard 4" submersible pump measures between 24" to 48" in length, 3.9" in diameter, and spins at 3600 rpm. The 3" submersible pump measures 2.9" in diameter and spins at about 8000 rpm. The number of impellers and diffusers a pump has determines the head (or pressure) the pump exerts.
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Sources
http://www.sumppumphelp.com/Sump_Pu mp_Installation_for_Do-It-Yourselfers.html www.waterpumpsgpm.com/mechanics.html http://www.pumpbiz.com/products/index.cf m?fuseaction=pump_series&series_id=52 3 http://www.pumps-instock.com/diaphragm_pump_designs.html
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Sources
http://www.johnsonpump.com/JPIndustry/Impeller_Pumps/Im peller_generalSPX.htm

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