Scribd
Upload
382 views24 pages

Collection and Analysis of Rate Data

1. The chapter discusses various methods for analyzing experimental rate data to determine the rate law of a reaction, including differential, integral, initial rate, and half-life methods. 2. The differential method involves taking the logarithm of the reaction rate expression and obtaining the reaction order from the slope of an ln-ln plot. 3. The integral method involves integrating the differential rate law expression for different orders (zero, first, second) and obtaining the order from which plot of concentration vs. time is linear. 4. Rate data from a differential reactor can be analyzed by relating the exit reaction rate to the exit concentration change using the design equation for a differential reactor.

Uploaded by

Afs Ikhlas
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
382 views24 pages

Collection and Analysis of Rate Data

1. The chapter discusses various methods for analyzing experimental rate data to determine the rate law of a reaction, including differential, integral, initial rate, and half-life methods. 2. The differential method involves taking the logarithm of the reaction rate expression and obtaining the reaction order from the slope of an ln-ln plot. 3. The integral method involves integrating the differential rate law expression for different orders (zero, first, second) and obtaining the order from which plot of concentration vs. time is linear. 4. Rate data from a differential reactor can be analyzed by relating the exit reaction rate to the exit concentration change using the design equation for a differential reactor.

Uploaded by

Afs Ikhlas
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

Chemical Engineering Department

CBB 2074 REACTION ENGINEERING CHAPTER 5: COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF RATE DATA

OBJECTIVES OF CHAPTER 5
1. Determine the reaction order and reaction rate using the appropriate technique for a given experimental data set

Learning objectives
LECTUR LEARNING OBJECTIVES E
At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: 1. Explain various method of data analysis 2. Perform data analysis using the following techniques: a. Differential method of analysis b. Integral method of analysis c. Method of initial rates d. Method of half lives 3. Analyse data obtained from a differential reactor system

Analysis of Data to find Rate Law


2 common reactors used to obtain rate data:
Batch reactor Differential reactor

Methods used to analyse rate data:


Differential method Integral method Half live method Initial rate method Linear regression Non-linear regression

Analysis of Data to find Rate Law


Consider the following reaction:
A Products

Mole balance:

dN A = rAV dt
rA = kC A

Rate Law:

Stoichiometry:

V = V0
dC A = kC A dt

Combine:

Analysis of Data to find Rate Law

METHOD 1: DIFFERENTIAL METHOD OF ANALYSIS

Analysis of Data to find Rate Law


Take the log of

dC A = kC A dt

dC A ln = ln k + ln C A dt

Plot graph of ln (-dCA/dt) vs. ln CA gives straight line graph with:


Slope = Intercept = ln k

Analysis of Data to find Rate Law

METHOD 2: INTEGRAL METHOD OF ANALYSIS

Analysis of Data to find Rate Law


Need to guess reaction order and integrate the differential form of equation used to model the reactor used. If the right reaction order is assume, the plot of concentration time data should be linear 3 examples will be considered:
Zero order First order Second order

Analysis of Data to find Rate Law


~Integral method analysis~

Zero order reaction: dC A = r = k A


dt

Integration gives:

C A = C A0 kt

CA0 CA

Slope = -k

t=CA0 / k t

Analysis of Data to find Rate Law


~Integral method analysis~

dCA First order reaction: rA = = kCA dt


C A0 ln = kt CA Integration gives:

ln CA0/CA

Slope = k t

Analysis of Data to find Rate Law


~Integral method analysis~

dC A 2 Second order reaction: = kC A dt

1 1 = kt Integration gives:C A C A0

1/CA Slope = k Intercept = 1/CA0 t

Analysis of Data to find Rate Law

METHOD 3: METHOD OF INITIAL RATE

13

Analysis of Data to find Rate Law The presence of reverse reaction causes differential and integral method ineffective in analysing the rate data Perform a series of experiment at different initial concentration, CA0, and evaluate the initial rate, -rA0 for each run.

Analysis of Data to find Rate Law

METHOD 4: METHOD OF HALF LIVES

15

Analysis of Data to find Rate Law Half-live, t1/2, is define as:


t 1 = time taken for concentrat ion of reactant to fall to half its initial value
2

Consider:

dC A = rA = kC A dt

Integration gives:

1 1 1 t= 1 1 k ( 1) C A C A0

1 CA0 2at CA 1 1 Half live, t1/2, occur = t1 = 1 2 k ( 1) C A0

Analysis of Data to find Rate Law


~Method of half-lives~

Taking natural log gives:


ln t 1 2 1 1 = ln + ( 1 ) ln C A0 ( 1) k
Slope = 1- ln t1/2

ln CA0

Differential reactors
Normally used to determine rate of reaction as a function of either concentration or pressure Criteria of a differential reactor:
Conversion of reactant along catalyst bed is very small Concentration change of reactant along catalyst bed is very small

Low conversion means heat release is small therefore reactor is essentially isothermal.

Analysis of Data to find Rate Law

ANALYSING DATA FROM DIFFERENTIAL REACTOR

19

Differential reactors
Inert filing
FA0 FAe

Catalyst

Design equation similar to CSTR due to gradientless criteria FA0 FAe ' rA = W
' rA

FA0 X v0 ( C A0 C Ae ) = = W W

Differential reactors
Example:
The formation of methane form carbon monoxide and hydrogen using a nickel catalyst was studied by Pursley. The reaction, 3H2+COCH4+2H2O, was carried out at 500 F in a differential reactor where the effluent concentration of methane was measured. The exit volumetric flowrate was maintain at 300 dm3/min. The weight of catalyst is maintain at 10g. The partial pressure of H2 and CO was measured at reactor exit.
1. 2. Relate the rate of reaction to the exit methane concentration Determine the reaction order with respect to CO using data from Table E5-4.1 assuming the rate law is a function of rA=f(PCO)

Differential reactors
TABLE E5-4.1

Run 1 2 3 4 5 6

PCO (atm) 1.0 1.8 4.08 1.0 1.0 1.0

PH2 (atm) 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.1 0.5 4.0

CCH4 (g mol/dm3) 2.44 x 10-4

END OF LECTURE

23

Analysis of Data to find Rate Law


~Differential method analysis~

Table E5-1.1 Example 5-1: Differential method of analysis


The following reaction takes place in an isothermal batch reaction system. The reaction scheme is given below and the experimental result is given in Table E51.1. Find the reaction rate constant of the reaction.

Time (min) 0.0 50 100 150 200 250

Concentration (mol/dm3) x 103 50 38 30.6 25.6 22.2 19.5 17.4

A+BC+D

300

You might also like