P91 Engg

BHEL, Piping Centre - Engineering Department - August 2000
SA335P91
FERRITIC PIPE MATERIAL FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE
APPLICATIONS
CONTAINS 9%Cr AND 1%Mo AS MAJOR CONSTITUENTS
SPECIFIED AS SA335P91 IN ASME
HISTORY YEAR AND MATERIAL

* 1950 21/4Cr-1Mo (A335P22, 10CrMo910)
* 1960 1/2Cr-1/2Mo-1/4V (14MoV63)
* 1970 12Cr-1Mo-1/4V (X20CrMoV12 1)
* 1980 5Cr-1/2Mo (P5) & 9Cr-1Mo (P9)
* 1984 9Cr-1Mo with Vanadium & Niobium (P91)
P91 KEY FACTORS
Steel type
Ferritic (9% chromium, 1% molybdenum), Micro
alloyed with Aluminium and Niobium(Columbium) and
controlled Nitrogen.
Main Applications:
Boiler Super heaters.
Pipe and headers for high temperature use.
Furnace pipes for Petro Chemical Cracking Units.
P91 KEY FACTORS
Standardization:
In US :
ASTM A 213 since 1983 (for Tubes - T91)
ASTM A 335 since 1984 (for Pipes - P91)
In France:
NF A 49-213 since 1989 under the name of
TU Z10CDVNb 09.01
In Germany:
X10CrMoVNb91 under German Standard
DIN 17175/III
5
9Cr-1Mo IN INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
Specification
Country
Description
A335 P91
USA
Seamless Pipes
A387 Gr91
USA
Pressure Vessel plates
A182 F91
USA
Flanges, Forged Fittings

& Valves
A234 WP91
USA
Pipe Fittings
DIN 17175
X10CrMoVNb91
Germany
Seamless Pipes
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
GRADE
SA335P 91
SA335P22
X20Cr Mo V12.1
SA312TP304H
Mn
P
(MAX)
S
(MAX)
0.02
0.01
Si
Cr
Mo
Nb
(Cb)
Al
Ni
0.20
8.00
0.85
0.18 0.06
0.03 0.04 0.40
0.50
9.50
1.05
0.25 0.10
0.07 MAX MAX
0.50
1.90
0.87
MAX
2.60
1.13
0.50
10.00
0.80
0.25
0.30
MAX
12.50
1.20
0.35
0.80
0.08
0.30
0.12
0.60
0.05
0.30
0.15
0.60
0.17
1.00
0.23
MAX
0.04
2.00
0.04
0.03
0.75
18.00
8.00
0.10
MAX
MAX
MAX
MAX
20.00
11.00
0.025 0.025
0.03
0.03
CHEMICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN

P91 & X20CrMoV12.1
9% Cr instead of 12% Cr.

0.10% C instead of 0.20 C%
V and Nb instead of V alone
Restriction of analysis range of elements
BASIS FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS VALUES
Minimum of:
100% of average stress to produce a

creep rate of 0.01%/1000 hrs.
67% of the average stress to cause
rupture at the end of 100,000 hrs.
80% of the minimum stress to cause
rupture at the end of 100,000 hrs.
250
100,000 hrs (in N/mm
CREEP PROPERTIES: 1% CREEP RATE
200
150
SA335P91
100
50
X20CrMoV121
500
520
540
560
580
600
620
640
X20CrMoV121
190
147
114
85
61
43
30
20
SA335P91
213
177
146
119
97
77
61
TEMPERATURE( OC)
10
CREEP PROPERTIES (AVG. STRESS FOR RUPTURE)
100,000 hrs (in N/sq.mm)
300
250
200
150
SA335P91
100
50
X20CrMoV12.1
0
500
520
540
560
580
600
620
640
X20CrMoV12.1
235
186
147
112
82
59
42
28
SA335P91
253
215
179
145
115
90
68
51
TEMPERATURE(deg.C)
11
ALLOWABLE STRESS VALUES FOR SA335P91
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
620
593
565
537
510
482
455
426
399
370
Allowable Stress (MPa)
160
Temperature (deg.C)
12
ALLOWABLE
2
STRESS(N/mm )
ALLOWABLE STRESS VALUES - COMPARISON

120
100
SA335P91
80
X20CrMoV12.1
1
60
SA335P22
40
20
0
540
545
550
555
560
565
570
97.82 96.09 94.35 92.61 90.87 89.14 86.07

SA335P91
X20CrMoV12.1 94.07 87.99 81.92 76.79 71.67 66.56 61.44
52.68 50.19 47.71 45.23 42.75 40.27 38.22
SA335P22
TEMPERATURE ( O C)
13
ALLOWABLE STRESS VALUES - COMPARISON
Allowable stress (MPa)
250
X20CrMoV12.1
200
150
SA335P91
100
SA335P22
50
0
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650
Temperature (deg.C)
14
COMPARISON OF LINEAR THERMAL EXPANSION

(in mm/m) AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURE
TEMP (in OC)
SA335P22
X20CrMoV12.1
SA335P91
21
93
0.82
149
1.52
1.41
1.42
204
2.25
2.05
2.08
260
3.02
2.73
2.79
316
3.83
3.44
3.53
371
4.69
4.13
4.28
427
5.58
4.85
5.08
482
6.51
5.56
5.89
538
7.41
6.3
6.71
593
8.37
7.03
7.51
649
9.25
0.78
8.33
15
MEAN COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION

16
O C)
14
SA335P22
SA335P91
12
X 1 /106
(mm/mm/
X20CrMoV12.1
10
8
6
4
2
0
93
149
204
260
316
371
427
TEMPERATURE(
482
538
593
649
O C)
16
COMPARISON OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

40
(W/m-K)
SA335P22
SA33591
30
X20CrMoV12.1
20
10
0
X20CrMoV12.1
SA33591
SA335P22
100
200
300
400
500
600
24.3
24.3
25
25.6
25.6
26.2
27
28
28
29
30
30
36.9
37.21 36.71
35.47 33.76 31.93
TEMPERATURE(deg.C)
17
USE OF P91 IN KHAPERKHEDA, UNITS 3&4
DESCRIPTION
SA335P22
SA335091
MAIN STEAM
STRAIGHTS
ID253.6X47
OD323.9X31
MAIN STEAM
BENDS
ID253.6X52
OD323.9X34
MAIN STEAM
EQ.LINE
OD273X50
OD219.1X25
HP BYPASS
UPSTREAM
OD273X50
OD219.1X25
18
COMPARISON OF PIPE SIZES (500 MW)
Description
Material
Singrauli
SA335P22
Farakka
X20
Simhadri
SA335P91
Main steam
(Double)
ID 345..44
x85.3 min
ID345.44
x42.42 min
OD 406.4
x42.0
Main steam
(Single)
ID467.36
x114.86 min
ID467.4
x56.95 min
OD 564.0
x57.0
ID 248.92
x61.9 min
ID 248.92
x30.91 min
OD 323.9
x35
HPBP
upstream piping
19
RELATIVE THICKNESS - P22 / X20 / P91
ID :: 300 mm
DP :: 250 kg/sq.cm
DT :: 550 deg.C
20
SAVINGS IN WEIGHT AND WALL THICKNESS

P22 / P91
DP = 250 kg/sq.cm
REDUCTION
63%(WEIGHT)
56%(THICKNESS)
REDUCTION
55%(WEIGHT)
49%(THICKNESS)
P22
DT = 550 C
ID = 300 mm
REDUCTION
17%(WEIGHT)
15% (THICKNESS)
X20
P91
21
STARTUP SPEED(degK/min)
THICKNESS AND STARTUP SPEED P22 / P91

14
12
10
P91
8
6
P22
2
0
50
100
150 200
INSIDE PRESSURE (bar)
MATERIAL
MS
TEMP
P22
P91
540deg.C
540deg.C
START UP SPEED
(deg.K/Min)
START
FINISH
1.6
3.1
3.1
11.7
22
BENEFITS OF USING SA335P91
High temperature strength.

Considerable Wall Thickness Reduction
Significant weight savings, particularly in the
case of components
More flexible Piping system.
Lower Support Loads.
Faster Start-up Rate.
Excellent oxidation resistance.
23
SAVINGS IN WEIGHT AND PRICE P22 / P91

WEIGHT(in %)
Price(in %)
Pipes
57
21
Fittings
69
32
Supports
50
50
57
26
Bends
--
36
Shop welds
--
57
Savings, Prefabrication
--
39
Pipes and Supports
--
44
Site Welds
--
50
--
47
57
34
Material
Savings, in material
Prefabrication
Erection
Savings , Erection
SAVINGS TOTAL
24

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BHEL, Piping Centre - Engineering Department - August 2000

HISTORY YEAR AND MATERIAL

P91 KEY FACTORS

P91 KEY FACTORS

9Cr-1Mo IN INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

Pressure Vessel plates

Flanges, Forged Fittings

0.03 0.04 0.40

0.07 MAX MAX

CHEMICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN

9% Cr instead of 12% Cr.

BASIS FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS VALUES

100% of average stress to produce a

100,000 hrs (in N/mm

CREEP PROPERTIES: 1% CREEP RATE

CREEP PROPERTIES (AVG. STRESS FOR RUPTURE)

100,000 hrs (in N/sq.mm)

ALLOWABLE STRESS VALUES FOR SA335P91

Allowable Stress (MPa)

ALLOWABLE STRESS VALUES - COMPARISON

97.82 96.09 94.35 92.61 90.87 89.14 86.07

ALLOWABLE STRESS VALUES - COMPARISON

Allowable stress (MPa)

COMPARISON OF LINEAR THERMAL EXPANSION

MEAN COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION

COMPARISON OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

35.47 33.76 31.93

USE OF P91 IN KHAPERKHEDA, UNITS 3&4

COMPARISON OF PIPE SIZES (500 MW)

RELATIVE THICKNESS - P22 / X20 / P91

SAVINGS IN WEIGHT AND WALL THICKNESS

THICKNESS AND STARTUP SPEED P22 / P91

BENEFITS OF USING SA335P91

High temperature strength.

SAVINGS IN WEIGHT AND PRICE P22 / P91

Pipes and Supports

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