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    Units and Measurement: Physics Mrs. Coyle

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    Aamir Shahzad Afridi
    This document discusses units and measurement in physics. It covers the International System of Units (SI) including common base units like meters, kilograms, seconds. Prefixes are used to modify units into smaller or larger denominations. Conversion between units uses the factor-label method, maintaining proper units. Measurements have a level of accuracy regarding correctness and precision regarding agreement between repeated trials. Significant figures indicate reliable digits when making calculations.

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    Units and Measurement: Physics Mrs. Coyle

    Uploaded by

    Aamir Shahzad Afridi
    109 views29 pages
    This document discusses units and measurement in physics. It covers the International System of Units (SI) including common base units like meters, kilograms, seconds. Prefixes are used to modify units into smaller or larger denominations. Conversion between units uses the factor-label method, maintaining proper units. Measurements have a level of accuracy regarding correctness and precision regarding agreement between repeated trials. Significant figures indicate reliable digits when making calculations.

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    This document discusses units and measurement in physics. It covers the International System of Units (SI) including common base units like meters, kilograms, seconds. Prefixes are used to modify units into smaller or larger denominations. Conversion between units uses the factor-label method, maintaining proper units. Measurements have a level of accuracy regarding correctness and precision regarding agreement between repeated trials. Significant figures indicate reliable digits when making calculations.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    109 views29 pages

    Units and Measurement: Physics Mrs. Coyle

    Uploaded by

    Aamir Shahzad Afridi
    This document discusses units and measurement in physics. It covers the International System of Units (SI) including common base units like meters, kilograms, seconds. Prefixes are used to modify units into smaller or larger denominations. Conversion between units uses the factor-label method, maintaining proper units. Measurements have a level of accuracy regarding correctness and precision regarding agreement between repeated trials. Significant figures indicate reliable digits when making calculations.

    Copyright:

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    of 29

    Units and Measurement

    Physics Mrs. Coyle


    International Space Station http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0706/iss_sts117_big.jpg

    It All Starts with a Ruler!!!

    Math and Units


    Math- the language of Physics SI Units International System MKS Meter m Mass kg Time s National Bureau of Standards Prefixes

    SI Unit Prefixes - Part I


    Name teragigamegaSymbol T G M Factor 1012 109 106

    kilohectodeka-

    k h
    da

    103 102
    101

    SI Unit Prefixes- Part II


    Name Symbol Factor

    decicenti-

    d
    c

    10-1
    10-2

    millimicronanopicofemto-

    m
    n p f

    10-3
    10-6 10-9 10-12 10-15

    The Seven Base SI Units Quantity Unit Symbol

    Length
    Mass Temperature Time

    meter
    kilogram kelvin second

    m
    kg K s mol cd a

    Amount of mole Substance Luminous Intensity candela Electric Current ampere

    Derived SI Units (examples)


    Quantity Volume unit cubic meter Symbol m3

    Density Speed
    Newton Energy Pressure

    kilograms per kg/m3 cubic meter meter per second m/s


    kg m/ s2 Joule (kg m2/s2) Pascal (kg/(ms2) N J Pa

    SI Unit Prefixes for Length


    Name gigameter megameter kilometer decimeter centimeter millimeter micrometer nanometer picometer Symbol Gm Mm km dm cm mm m nm pm Analogy 109 106 103 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-6 10-9 10-12

    Scientific Notation

    Mx

    n 10

    M is the coefficient 1<M<10 10 is the base n is the exponent or power of 10

    Other Examples:
    5.45E+6
    5.45 x 10^6

    or

    Numbers less than 1 will have a negative exponent. A millionth of a second is: 0.000001 sec 1.0E-6 1x10-6 1.0^-6

    Factor-Label Method of Unit Conversion


    Example: Convert 5km to m: Multiply the original measurement by a conversion factor.
    NEW UNIT 85km x 1,000m 1km OLD UNIT

    85,000m

    Factor-Label Method of Unit Conversion: Example Example: Convert 789m to km: 789m x 1km =0.789km= 7.89x10-1km 1000m

    Convert 75.00 km/h to m/s


    75.00 km x 1000 m x 1 h___ = 20.83m/s h 1 km 3600 s

    Limits of Measurement
    Accuracy and Precision

    Accuracy - a measure of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity being measured.

    Example: Accuracy
    Who is more accurate when measuring a book that has a true length of 17.0cm? Susan: 17.0cm, 16.0cm, 18.0cm, 15.0cm

    Amy: 15.5cm, 15.0cm, 15.2cm, 15.3cm

    Precision a measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another. A measure of how exact a measurement is.

    Example: Precision
    Who is more precise when measuring the same 17.0cm book?

    Susan: 17.0cm, 16.0cm, 18.0cm, 15.0cm


    Amy: 15.5cm, 15.0cm, 15.2cm, 15.3cm

    Example: Evaluate whether the following are precise, accurate or both.

    Accurate

    Not Accurate Accurate Precise

    Not Precise Precise

    Significant Figures
    The significant figures in a measurement include all of the digits that are known, plus one last digit that is estimated.

    Centimeters and Millimeters

    Finding the Number of Sig Figs:


    When the decimal is present, start counting from the left.
    When the decimal is absent, start counting from the right. Zeroes encountered before a non zero digit do not count.

    How many sig figs?


    100 10302.00

    0.001 10302 1.0302x104

    Sig Figs in Addition/Subtraction


    Express the result with the same number of decimal places as the number in the operation with the least decimal places. Ex: 2.33 cm + 3.0 cm 5.3 cm (Result is rounded to one decimal place)

    Sig Figs in Multiplication/Division


    Express the answer with the same sig figs as the factor with the least sig figs. Ex: 3.22 cm x 2.0 cm 6.4 cm2 (Result is rounded to two sig figs)

    Counting Numbers
    Counting numbers have infinite sig figs.

    Ex: 3 apples

    Solving Word Problems


    Analyze List knowns and unknowns. Draw a diagram. Devise a plan. Write the math equation to be used. Calculate If needed, rearrange the equation to solve for the unknown. Substitute the knowns with units in the equation and express the answer with units. Evaluate Is the answer reasonable?

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