Course Learning Outcome (CLO):
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
1) Explain the basic computer and programming
fundamentals with appropriate examples of language and technology.
2) Apply the different types of algorithm to solve problem
efficiently.
3) Solve problem effectively by applying related theories of
the basic programming language to a given particular scenario using programming life cycle.
COMME NT
Comments are simply text that is ignored by the
compiler, but that may inform the reader of what you are doing at any particular point in your program.
When you are writing a program, it is always clear and
self-evident what you are trying to do. Funny thing, though--a month later, when you return to the program, it can be quite confusing and unclear.
To fight the onset of confusion, and to help others
understand your code, use comments.
HELP.CPP demonstrates comments.
1: #include <iostream.h> 2: 3: int main() 4: { 5: /* this is a comment 6: and it extends until the closing 7: star-slash comment mark */ 8: cout << "Hello World!\n"; 9: // this comment ends at the end of the line 10: cout << "That comment ended!\n"; 11: 12: // double slash comments can be alone on a line 13: /* as can slash-star comments */ 14: return 0; 15: }
OUTP UT
Hello World! That comment ended!
Other example of comment
/************************************************************ Program: Hello World File: Hello.cpp Function: Main (complete program listing in this file) Description: Prints the words "Hello world" to the screen Author: Jesse Liberty (jl) Environment: Turbo C++ version 4, 486/66 32mb RAM, Windows 3.1 DOS 6.0. EasyWin module. Notes: This is an introductory, sample program. Revisions: 1.00 10/1/94 (jl) First release 1.01 10/2/94 (jl) Capitalized "World" ************************************************************/
Identifiers (constant and variables) cont..
3. Variables In C++ a variable is a place to store information. A variable is a location in your computer's memory in which you can store a value and from which you can later retrieve that value.
types
Type
unsigned short int short int unsigned long int long int int (16 bit) int (32 bit) unsigned int (16 bit) unsigned int (32 bit) char float double 2 bytes 2 bytes 4 bytes 4 bytes 2 bytes 4 bytes 2 bytes 2 bytes 1 byte 4 bytes 8 bytes
Size
Values
0 to 65,535 -32,768 to 32,767 0 to 4,294,967,295 -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 -32,768 to 32,767 -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 0 to 65,535 0 to 4,294,967,295 256 character values 1.2e-38 to 3.4e38 2.2e-308 to 1.8e308
Defining a Variable
Example 1 main() { int x; int y; int z; z = x * y; } Example 2 main () { int Width; int Length; float Area; Area = Width * Length; }
A demonstration of the use of variables.
1: // Demonstration of variables 2: #include <iostream.h> 3: 4: int main() 5: { 6: int Width = 5, Length; 7: Length = 10; 8: 9: // create integer of area and initialize with result 10: // of multiplying Width by Length 11: int Area = Width * Length; 12: 13: cout << "Width:" << Width << "\n"; 14: cout << "Length: " << Length << endl; 15: cout << "Area: " << Area << endl; 16: return 0; 17: }
OUTP UT
Width:5 Length: 10 Area: 50
QUIZ 1
Q. What is the difference between // comments and /* style comments?
A. The double-slash comments (//) "expire" at the
end of the line. Slash-star (/*) comments are in effect until a closing comment (*/). Remember, not even the end of the function terminates a slash-star comment; you must put in the closing comment mark, or you will get a compile-time error.
QUIZ 2
1.
What is the only function all C programs must contain? A. start() B. system() C. main() D. program() What punctuation is used to signal the beginning and end of code blocks? A. { } B. -> and <C. BEGIN and END D. ( and )
2.
3.
What punctuation ends most lines of C code? A. . B. ; C. : D. '
QUIZ 2 ANSWER
1.
What is the only function all C programs must contain? A. start() B. system() C. main() D. program() What punctuation is used to signal the beginning and end of code blocks? A. { } B. -> and <C. BEGIN and END D. ( and )
2.
3.
What punctuation ends most lines of C code? A. . B. ; C. : D. '
5. Flowchart
Answer
Problem analysis
Input Process
: m1, m2, m3, m4 and m5 : Total = m1 + m2 + m3 + m4 + m5 Ave = Total / 5 : Total, Ave
Output
Algorithm
1. input 5 test marks 2. Calculate the average of 5 test marks 2.1 Total = m1+m2+m3+m4+m5 2.2 Ave = total/5 3. Print Total and Ave
Pseudocode
Start: Process:
1.Input 5 test mark, m1, m2, m3, m4, m5 2.Total = m1 + m2 + m3 + m4 + m5 3.Ave = Total / 5 4.Print Total, Ave
End:
Flowchart
Start
Input m1, m2, m3, m4, m5
Total = m1 + m2 + m3 + m4 + m5
Ave = Total / 5
Print Total, Ave
End
Code Statement
#include <iostream.h> void main () { int m1,m2,m3,m4,m5; int total; float ave; cout<<Please enter your marks<<endl; cout<<Mark 1:<<endl; cin>>m1; cout<<Mark 2:<<endl; cin>>m2; cout<<Mark 3:<<endl; cin>>m3; cout<<Mark 4:<<endl; cin>>m4; cout<<Mark 5<<endl;; cin>>m5; total=m1+m2+m3+m4+m5; Ave=total/5; cout<<Total:<<total<<endl; Cout<<Average:<<ave<<endl; return 0; }
