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Department of Business Administration: Semester - II

This document provides an overview of key concepts in business research methods. It defines research as the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information to increase understanding. Business research aims to generate information to aid business decisions and reduce risk. Good business research follows the scientific method, has a clearly defined purpose and design, and presents findings and justified conclusions unambiguously. The two main types of business research are applied research, which solves current problems, and basic research, which develops and evaluates concepts and theories. Variables, hypotheses, and the overall research process are also explained.

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79 views17 pages

Department of Business Administration: Semester - II

This document provides an overview of key concepts in business research methods. It defines research as the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information to increase understanding. Business research aims to generate information to aid business decisions and reduce risk. Good business research follows the scientific method, has a clearly defined purpose and design, and presents findings and justified conclusions unambiguously. The two main types of business research are applied research, which solves current problems, and basic research, which develops and evaluates concepts and theories. Variables, hypotheses, and the overall research process are also explained.

Uploaded by

sanju939
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Manav Rachna College of Engg.

Semester - II
Business Research Methods Unit I Introduction
1

RESEARCH
Research is the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information (data) in order to increase our understanding of the phenomenon about which we are concerned or interested. Literally, research (re-search) -search again

BUSINESS RESEARCH
Business research is defined as the systematic and objective process of generating information for aid in making business decisions. It can be described as a systematic and organized efforts to investigate a specific problems countered in work setting. Managers use this information to guide business decisions and reduce risk.
3

NATURE OF GOOD BUEINESS RESEARCH


It follows the standards of the scientific method: Scientific method requires systematic analysis and logical interpretation of empirical evidence (facts from observation or experimentation) to confirm of disapprove prior conception Characteristics of the scientific method: Purpose clearly defined. Research process detailed. Research design thoroughly planned. Limitations frankly revealed. Analysis adequate for decision makers needs. Findings presented unambiguously. Conclusions justified.
4

TYPES OF BUSINESS RESEARCH


Two types of Business Research 1. Applied Research: It is to solve a current problem faced by managers in the work setting, demanding a timely solution. 2. Basic (or Pure)Research: - Its purpose is to develop and evaluate concepts and theories. - It is conducted to verify the acceptability of a given theory or to discover more about a certain concept - It attempts to expand limits of knowledge. - It does not directly involve the solution to a particular pragmatic problem
5

VARIABLES
Variables:Any characteristic that can take on more than one value. A variable is any entity that can take on different values. Variables with only two values are said to be dichotomous (malefemale, employed-unemployed). Income, temperature, age, or a test score are example of continuous variables. These variables may take on values within a given range, or in some cases, an infinite set. E.g. Your test score may range from 0 to 100. An attribute is a specific value on a variable. For instance, the variable sex or gender has two attributes: male and female. Or, the variable agreement might be defined as having five attributes: 1 = strongly disagree ; 2 = disagree ; 3 = neutral ; 4 = agree ; 5 = strongly agree
6

HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis It is an unproven statement or proposition about a factor or phenomenon that is of interest of the researcher. A hypothesis is a testable statement of the relationships among variables A hypothesis can also test whether there are differences between two groups with respect to any variable Often, a hypothesis is possible answer to the research problem
7

RESEARCH PROCESS
Research Process is a series of actions or steps necessary to effectively carry out research and desired sequencing of these steps. 1. Formulating of Research Problem 2. Extensive literature survey 3. Developing of working hypotheses 4. Preparing of Research Design 5. Determining sample design 6. Collection of data 7. Analysis of data 8. Hypothesis testing 9. Preparation of report or thesis
8

RESEARCH PROPOSAL
A proposal is also known as a work plan, prospectus, outline, statement of intent, or draft plan. The proposal tells us what, why, how, where, and to whom the research will be done. It must also show the benefit of doing the research. The proposal process uses two primary documents: Request for proposal (RFP) Research proposal

Research Design
Research design constitutes the blueprint for the - collection, - measurement, and - analysis of data. aids the researcher in the allocation of limited resources

Sudhir Sachdev

10

Essentials of Research Design:


An activity- and time-based plan. A plan always based on a research question. A guide for selecting sources and types of information. A framework for specifying the relationships among the studys variables. A procedural outline for every research activity.
Sudhir Sachdev 11

Research Design

Exploratory Research Design

Conclusive Research Design

Descriptive Research

Casual Research

Cross Sectional Design

Longitudinal Design
Sudhir Sachdev 12

Exploratory Design
Used in cases when researcher must - Formulate a problem more precisely - identify alternate course of action - Isolate key variables and relationships for further examination - Establish priorities for further research

Sudhir Sachdev

13

Qualitative Research

Direct (Nondisguised)

Indirect (Disguised)

Focus Groups

Depth Interviews

Projective Techniques

Association Techniques

Completion Techniques

Construction Techniques

Expressive Techniques

Sudhir Sachdev

14

Direct Qualitative Research


Focus Group: An interview conducted by trained
moderator in an unstructured and natural manner with a small group of respondents

Depth Interviews: Unstructured and direct way


of obtaining information on one-to-one basis

Sudhir Sachdev

15

Descriptive Research
Describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. Answers the questions who, what, where, when and how Cannot describe what caused a situation. Cannot be used to create a relationship, where one variable affects another.

Sudhir Sachdev

16

TYPES OF RESEARCH
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7

Descriptive Research Quantitative Research Qualitative research Exploratory Research Basic (fundamental or pure) Research Applied Research

Empirical Research

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