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w3 Theories of Language Learning

Cognitivism focuses on mental processes like understanding and problem-solving rather than observable behavior. Three major theorists are Piaget, Vygotsky, and Bruner. Piaget believed that children acquire knowledge through schemas and processes of assimilation, accommodation and equilibration. Vygotsky emphasized social learning and the role of language in cognitive development. Bruner identified three stages of cognitive development - enactive, iconic and symbolic representation. Cognitivism views learning as relating new information to prior knowledge and sees errors as part of the learning process.

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84 views17 pages

w3 Theories of Language Learning

Cognitivism focuses on mental processes like understanding and problem-solving rather than observable behavior. Three major theorists are Piaget, Vygotsky, and Bruner. Piaget believed that children acquire knowledge through schemas and processes of assimilation, accommodation and equilibration. Vygotsky emphasized social learning and the role of language in cognitive development. Bruner identified three stages of cognitive development - enactive, iconic and symbolic representation. Cognitivism views learning as relating new information to prior knowledge and sees errors as part of the learning process.

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Fara Syikien
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Theories of Language Learning

COGNITIVISM GROUP 2

Cognitivism

Cognitivism focuses on an unobservable change in mental knowledge.

Example : the mental processes of recognize, recall, analyze, reflect, apply, create, understand, and evaluate.

Theorists of cognitivism.

Jean William Fritz Piaget


Born 9 August 1896 Neuchtel, Switzerland 16 September 1980 (aged 84) Geneva, Switzerland

Died

Fields Known for

Developmental Psychology,Epistemology
Constructivism, Genetic epistemology, Theory of cognitive development, Object permanence,Egocentrism

Piagets theory

First is schema : acquire knowledge by using our basic behavior model and reacting with environment.

Second is assimilation, accommodation and equilibration. - equilibration happens when people get well with assimilation and accommodation, - if people dont get well with them, then disequilibrium happens.

Lev Vygotsky
Born November 17, 1896 Orsha, Russian Empire, now inBelarus June 11, 1934 (aged 37) Moscow, USSR Russian Psychology Alexander Luria Cultural-historical psychology,Zone of proximal development

Died Nationality Fields Notable students Known for

Vygotskys theory
people start to react with society when they were born

he thought teacher should give children proper help that children can achieve best performance.

Vygotskys cognitive development is from outside to inside

egocentric speech is very important, because it's the way they can relieve emotion but help them thinking

Jerome Seymour Bruner


Born October 1, 1915 New York, NY American

Nationality

Fields

Psychology
cognitive psychology ,educational psychology Coining the term "scaffolding

Known for

Bruner's Three Modes of Representation


Enactive representation (action-based)

Symbolic representation (language-based)

Iconic representation (image-based)

Enactive 0-1 years

It involves encoding action based information and storing it in our memory. For example, in the form of movement as a muscle memory, a baby might remember the action of shaking a rattle.

Iconic 1 - 6 years

This is where information is stored visually in the form of images For example, when we are learning a new subject, it is often helpful to have diagrams or illustrations to accompany verbal information.

Symbolic (7 years onwards)

Information is stored in the form of a code or symbol, such as language. This is the most adaptable form of representation, for actions & images have a fixed relation to that which they represent

The cognitivism revolution


Cognitivism replaced behaviourism (1960)

Chomsky argued that language could not be acquired purely through conditioning and must be at least partly explained by the existence of internal mental states.

Focus on black box /mind to show how information is received, assimilated, stored and recalled.

People are not programmed animals that merely respond to environmental stimuli.

Cognitivism uses the metaphor of the mind as computer: information comes in, is being processed, and leads to certain outcomes.

Cognitivists view learning as a process of relating new information to previously learned information.

Learning is most likely to occur when an individual can associate new learning with previous knowledge

Errors are also accepted as part of the learning process.

The cognitivst perspective focus more on the learner as an active participant in the teaching-learning process.

Present information in an organized manner Help students process information in meaningful ways

Cognitivist principles in teaching and learning process.

Bring to mind relevant prior learning

Provide opportunities for students to elaborate on new information

Provide for review and repetition of learning

General Educational Implications of Cognitive Theories

Cognitive processes influence learning.


As children grow, they become capable of increasingly more sophisticated thought. People organize the things they learn. New information is most easily acquired when people can associate it with things they have already learned.

People control their own learning.

Behaviourism
vs cognitivism

Focus View about the mind

Bahaviourist A blank slate.

Cognitivist An active organizer. Varied, with multiple intelligences and learning styles.

S-T Roles

Teacher plans and sets goals for learning. One best way of teaching.
Reward is motivation. Students are taught what. Teacher assess. Product is important.

Students participate in planning and goalsetting. Teacher teaches with variety.


Learning is a motivator. Students are taught what and how Students are involved in peer and self-assessment. Product and process are important

Motivation Curriculum Content

Assessment

End

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