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2c-Data Types 1

The document discusses basic data types in C including char, int, float, and double. It describes char can store both characters and small numbers represented by their ASCII codes. Integers like short int and long int vary in number of bytes. Unsigned integers range from 0 to twice the maximum of the signed type. The document provides examples of using char to represent characters and numbers.

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Nabil Isham
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44 views

2c-Data Types 1

The document discusses basic data types in C including char, int, float, and double. It describes char can store both characters and small numbers represented by their ASCII codes. Integers like short int and long int vary in number of bytes. Unsigned integers range from 0 to twice the maximum of the signed type. The document provides examples of using char to represent characters and numbers.

Uploaded by

Nabil Isham
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic data types in C

char a single byte character. int an integer number usually 4 bytes. float a single precision real number usually 4 bytes. double a double precision real number usually 8 bytes.
char
int

float
double

Data types in C
short int (or just short) an integer number, usually 2 bytes. long int (or just long) an integer number, 4 or 8 bytes. unsigned vs. signed

The unsigned qualifier

Normally, the last bit of a variable serves as a sign bit.


In unsigned variables, it has the same role as an ordinary bit. Because of the extra bit, the range of possible values is doubled but only for positive numbers.

For example, unsigned chars can range from 0 to 255 while (signed) chars range from -128 to 127.
To declare a variable as unsigned, add the unsigned keyword before its type. For example unsigned int ui;

Memory allocation

Char is also a number!

A char variable is used to store a text character:

Letters. Digits. Keyboard signs. Non-printable characters. But also small numbers (0 to 255 or -128 to 127).

Text as numbers

Every character is assigned a numeric code. There are different sets of codes:

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) most common. Maybe others.

We will use ASCII

The ASCII Table

More about character encoding

Most of the time, you don't care what the particular numbers are. The table above shows only 128 characters (7 bits). Some are non-printable. Extended ASCII code contains 256 characters.

More about character encoding

ASCII code 0 (NULL character) is important we will see it again.

Note contiguous sets of numbers, upper case and lower case characters.

An example
Example of char as both a character and a small number
#include <stdio.h> int main() { char i = 'b'; printf("i as a character is %c\n", i); printf("i as an integer is %d\n", i); printf("The character after %c is %c\n", i, i + 1); return 0; }

Another example
/* Get the position of a letter in the abc */ #include <stdio.h> int main() { char letter; printf("Please enter a lowercase letter\n"); scanf("%c", &letter); printf("The position of this letter in the abc is %d\n", letter - 'a' + 1); return 0; }

Exercise
Write a program that accepts as input

A lowercase letter The same letter in uppercase

and outputs

(e.g., if the input is g, the output should be G)

Solution
/* Convert a letter to uppercase */ #include <stdio.h>

int main() { char letter; printf("Please enter a lowercase letter\n"); scanf("%c", &letter); printf("This letter in uppercase is %c\n", letter - 'a' + 'A');
return 0; }

Overflow

Happens when a variable gets assigned a value that is outside of its range

This is equivalent to saying that the number of bits required to encode the value exceeds the number of bits in the variable
The value of the variable will usually be non-sense

Overflow An example
#include <stdio.h> int main() { int iA = 1000; int iB = 1000000; int iC = 3000000; int iD = 5000000; printf ("%d * %d = printf ("%d * %d = printf ("%d * %d = printf ("%d * %d = return 0; }

%d\n", %d\n", %u\n", %d\n",

iA, iA, iA, iA,

iB, iC, iC, iD,

iA*iB); iA*iC); iA*iC); iA*iD);

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