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Computer Archhitecture

This document discusses the architecture, organization, structure, and functions of a computer system. It defines architecture as the attributes visible to a programmer like instruction set, while organization refers to how features are implemented internally. The structure of a computer includes four main components - the CPU, main memory, I/O, and interconnections between them. The CPU contains a control unit, ALU, registers, and internal connections. The control unit manages the overall operation of the CPU and computer.

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Harieswar Reddy
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86 views

Computer Archhitecture

This document discusses the architecture, organization, structure, and functions of a computer system. It defines architecture as the attributes visible to a programmer like instruction set, while organization refers to how features are implemented internally. The structure of a computer includes four main components - the CPU, main memory, I/O, and interconnections between them. The CPU contains a control unit, ALU, registers, and internal connections. The control unit manages the overall operation of the CPU and computer.

Uploaded by

Harieswar Reddy
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

S.Ravi VIT University

Architecture & Organization


Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer
Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques.

Organization is how features are implemented (Transparent to the programmer)


Control signals, interfaces, memory technology.

Structure & Function


Structure is the way in which components relate to each other Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure

Function
All computer functions are: Data processing: (must be able to process data) Data storage: (short time and long term Ex: files Data movement: (when data are received from or delivered to a device that directly connected to the computer ,the process known as input-output (I/O) and the device is referred to as a peripheral. Control: ( above 3 functions and manages the resources) Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure

Functional View

Operations (a) Data movement

Operations (a) Data movement conti


Simple transferring data from one peripheral or communications line to another. when data are moved over longer distance ,to or from a remote device, the process is known as datacommuncation. the computer must be able to move data between itself and the outside world.

Operations (b) Storage

Operations (b) Storage conti.


Data transferred from the External environment to computer storage (read) and vice versa (write). Short-term storage used to store data temporarily long-term storage used to store data permanently (files of data are stored on the computer for subsequent retrieval and update.

Operation (c) Processing from/to storage

Operation (d) Processing from storage to I/O

Structure - Top Level


Peripherals

Computer
Central Processing Unit Main Memory

Computer

Systems Interconnection

Input Output

Communication lines

Structure.
Four main structural components:
- central processing unit(CPU): controls the operation of the computer and perform its data processing functions: often simply referred to as processor. - Main memory: stores data - I/O: moves data between computer and its external environment. - system interconnections: some mechanism that provides for communication among CPU,mainmemory, and I/O.

Structure - The CPU


CPU
Computer
I/O System Bus Memory CPU

Registers

Arithmetic and Login Unit

Internal CPU Interconnection

Control Unit

Structure - The CPU( components)


Four main components:
- control unit : controls the operation of CPU and hence the computer. - Arithmetic and logic unit(ALU): perform the computers data processing function (addition ,subtraction etc) - Registers: provides storage internal to the CPU. - CPU interconnection: some mechanism that provides for communication among the

Structure - The Control Unit


Control Unit
CPU
ALU Internal Bus Registers Control Unit

Sequencing Login Control Unit Registers and Decoders

Control Memory

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