GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

Graphic Organizers (GOs)

A graphic organizer is a tool or process to build word knowledge by relating similarities of meaning to the definition of a word. This can relate to any subjectmath, history, literature, etc.

Why are Graphic Organizers Important?

GOs connect content in a meaningful way to help students gain a clearer understanding of the material (Fountas &
Pinnell, 2001, as cited in Baxendrall, 2003).

GOs help students information over time

cited in Baxendrall, 2003).

maintain

the

(Fountas & Pinnell, 2001, as

 Assist students in organizing and retaining information when used consistently. Assist teachers by integrating into instruction through creative approaches.

 Heighten student interest Should be coherent and consistently used Can be used with teacher- and studentdirected approaches

Coherent Graphic Organizers

1. Provide clearly labeled branch and sub branches. 2. Have numbers, arrows, or lines to show the connections or sequence of events. 3. Relate similarities. 4. Define accurately.

How to Use Graphic Organizers in the Classroom

Teacher-Directed Approach

Student-Directed Approach

Teacher-Directed Approach
1. Provide a partially complete GO for students 2. Have students read instructions or information 3. Fill out the GO with students 4. Review the completed GO 5. Assess students using an incomplete copy of the GO

Student-Directed Approach
Teacher uses a GO cover sheet with prompts
Example: Teacher provides a cover sheet that includes page numbers and paragraph numbers to locate information needed to fill out GO

Teacher acts as a facilitator Students check their answers with a teacher copy supplied on the overhead

Strategies to Teach Graphic Organizers

Framing the lesson Previewing Modeling with a think aloud Guided practice Independent practice Check for understanding Peer mediated instruction Simplifying the content or structure of the GO

Types of Graphic Organizers

Hierarchical diagramming Sequence charts

Compare and contrast charts

A Simple Hierarchical Graphic Organizer

A Simple Hierarchical Graphic Organizer - example

Algebra Geometry

MATH
Calculus Trigonometry

Another Hierarchical Graphic Organizer

Category

Subcategory

Subcategory

Subcategory

List examples of each type

Hierarchical Graphic Organizer example

Algebra

Equations

Inequalities

Compare and Contrast

Category Illustration/Example What is it? Properties/Attributes

Subcategory

Irregular set
What are some examples? What is it like?

Compare and Contrast - example

Numbers Illustration/Example
6, 17, 25, 100

What is it?

Properties/Attributes
Positive Integers

-3, -8, -4000

Whole Numbers

Negative Integers

Zero

Fractions
What are some examples? What is it like?

Venn Diagram

Venn Diagram - example

Prime Numbers 5 11 13 3 7

2
Even Numbers

Multiples of 3 4 8 6 10 6 9 15 21

Multiple Meanings

Multiple Meanings example

Right
3 sides 3 angles 1 angle = 90

Equiangular
3 sides 3 angles 3 angles = 60

TRIANGLES

Acute
3 sides 3 angles 3 angles < 90

Obtuse
3 sides 3 angles 1 angle > 90

Series of Definitions
Word = = Category + Attribute +

Definitions: ______________________ ________________________________ ________________________________

Series of Definitions example

Word
Square

= =

Category
Quadrilateral

+ Attribute +
4 equal sides & 4 equal angles (90)

Definition: A four-sided figure with four equal sides and four right angles.

Four-Square Graphic Organizer

1. Word:

2. Example:

4. Definition

3. Non-example:

Four-Square Graphic Organizer example

1. Word: semicircle 2. Example:

4. Definition

3. Non-example:

A semicircle is half of a circle.

Graphic Organizer Summary

GOs are a valuable tool for assisting students with LD in basic mathematical procedures and problem solving. Teachers should:
Consistently, coherently, and creatively use GOs. Employ teacher-directed and student-directed approaches. Address individual needs via curricular adaptations.

How These Strategies Help Students Access Algebra

Problem Representation Problem Solving (Reason) Self Monitoring Self Confidence

ENCYCLOPEDIA DICTIONARY ATLAS THESAURUS SQ3R

ENCYCLOPEDIA
a type of reference work a compendium holding a summary of information from either all branches of knowledge or a particular branch of knowledge. Encyclopedias are divided into articles or entries, which are usually accessed alphabetically by article name. Encyclopedia entries are longer and more detailed than those in most dictionaries.

Types of Encyclopedia
Hard copy
World Book Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Americana

Electronic
Access to Groliers Encyclopedia through Kentucky Virtual Library. www.kyvl.org World Book Online www.worldbookonline.com

Reasons to use the Encyclopedia

Want to learn more about a topic Wish to verify information Need to research a topic for a paper or for a class

How to use the Encyclopedia?

Choose the appropriate volume using the first letter of the subject Use guide words to find the topic Read entry to find information

DICTIONARY
A dictionary is a reference book arranged alphabetically that contains words and their definitions, pronunciations and uses. Various types of dictionaries exist for each language and specialized purposes. Whether traditional book format or online, the type of dictionary selected depends upon the user's needs.

What information can I find about a word?

Pronunciation Definition or word meaning Information about the word How to use the word in a sentence Part of speech Origins or root Variant spellings for the same word (ax or axe)

Guide words

Special Sections for some Dictionaries

Foreign words or phrases Abbreviations Addresses of colleges Population of cities and countries

Other information that can be found in a Dictionary

English to metric conversion tables Maps Presidents of the United States Explanations of common symbols "How to Use a Dictionary"

Spoil / Spots
What is the first word on this page of the dictionary? Are the following words on the page, or not? Sponge Splinter Spoon Spun Sport

Spool Spot Spoil

Bibliography
http://www.ctl.ua.edu/CTLStudyAids/StudySkillsFlyers/Voc abularyDevelopment/how2useadictionary.htm Viewed 10/10/08 http://library.thinkquest .org viewed 10/5/08 http://library.thinkquest.org/5585/dictionary.htm#How%2 0to%20Use%20a%20Dictionary Using a Dictionary Viewed 10/15/08 http://www.studyzone.org/testprep/ela4/h/dictless.cfm Using a Dictionary Viewed 10/14/2008

ATLAS
An atlas is a collection of maps, most often bound together into book form. Additionally, atlases may include facts about the area, pictures of interest about the area, and informational tables. It usually has an accompanying gazetteer, which is an alphabetical listing of place names and their pronunciations. Atlases may be general in nature and cover the entire globe, or they may be specific to geographical locations, topics or time periods.

Purpose of an Atlas
to give a comprehensive look at a geographical region through maps; it does, therefore, contain a few different types of maps. There are many types of atlases, most of which are bound together to display an entire country or state. There are also several types of maps and not all types are included in the typical Atlas.

TYPES OF MAPS
1. Political Maps 2. Physical Maps 3. Topographic Map

Political Maps
printed in pastel colors and are meant to show the political territories of a geographical region. aren't detailed in terms of terrain and list areas by county, town and other politically determined areas. show each country in a different color to allow for easy and quick differentiation. can be as general as noting only country boundaries or they can be as specific as listing cities and townships.

Physical Maps
commonly found in an atlas. The purpose of these maps is to show the physical layout of the land in a particular region. usually in shades of green and brown. Green-lush areas and brown- dry or mountainous areas. The maps have representations of lakes and rivers that are often sky blue. often bought and framed to be used as decorative wall hangings in offices and homes.

Topographic Map
An atlas is also likely to show a topographic map of its particular region. Topographic maps aren't as interesting to look at as political or physical maps. usually all one background color that is in the pale green or taupe family. purpose : They show different elevation levels with a series of meandering lines (called contour lines) drawn at different distances from one another.

What is Thesaurus?
A thesaurus can help you choose words which makes your writing more accurate interesting exciting

What is Thesaurus?
A thesaurus is a book of synonyms. It contains words that mean the same but spelled differently. The words are in alphabetical order. It is also a tool in Microsoft word.

Example:
The boy ran home as fast as he could.

Example:
Lets try these words from a thesaurus: rushed, dashed, scurried, scrambled or sped

Example:
The boy dashed home as fast as he could.

THESAURUS
A thesaurus is a reference work that lists words grouped together according to similarity of meaning (containing synonyms and sometimes antonyms), in contrast to a dictionary, which contains definitions and pronunciations. The largest thesaurus in the world is the Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary, which contains more than 920,000 entries.

What is SQ3R
A study reading method or technique based on a series of steps It divides the reading process into 3 stages:

Before : Preparation During : Concentration After : Retention

The Steps in SQ3R

Survey Question Read Recite Review

1st step : SURVEY or SKIM

Get an overview or general idea about the reading by previewing This helps to activate any previous knowledge we may have Find out about the author, type of work, and subject Look at the title, subtitles, or headings Look at any visuals (captions, pictures, charts or drawings)

 Read the first paragraph and the first sentence of each other paragraph Read the last paragraph Look for key words in different print Circle or underline any difficult words as a vocabulary preview Make a PREDICTION about the main idea or central theme The authors idea or message about the topic of discussion

2nd step : QUESTION

Formulate information (Wh) questions on what you have surveyed These will help you to concentrate or focus while reading! For example: the title, visuals, the first lines of the different paragraphs etc. Follow the organization of the article! Practice: Food for Luck

3rd step :

READ ( R1)

Read thoroughly and actively, focusing on your questions

This gives your reading a purpose

As you read, you can annotate (underline and take notes in the margin)
Writing reinforces what you read

4th step :

Recite (R2)

Try to answer the questions you formulated based on what you remember If you have problems, then these are the areas you will pay closer attention to when you review Recite after a long section; repeat information and reread if necessary

5th step

: REVIEW (3)

Look over the material again but without rereading; go over the questions again Verify your prediction and revise it if necessary
Now that youve read you can determine what the main idea or central theme is

Respond and reflect by connecting the reading to your previous experiences