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Bios

The BIOS is the software that initializes and tests the basic hardware components of a computer system during startup. It checks settings stored in CMOS, loads interrupt handlers and device drivers, initializes registers and power management, performs a power-on self-test of components, displays system settings, and determines which devices are bootable to initiate the bootstrap sequence for loading the operating system. The BIOS provides an interface between hardware and the operating system and manages tasks like displaying startup information and allowing access to setup utilities for configuring system settings.

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125 views13 pages

Bios

The BIOS is the software that initializes and tests the basic hardware components of a computer system during startup. It checks settings stored in CMOS, loads interrupt handlers and device drivers, initializes registers and power management, performs a power-on self-test of components, displays system settings, and determines which devices are bootable to initiate the bootstrap sequence for loading the operating system. The BIOS provides an interface between hardware and the operating system and manages tasks like displaying startup information and allowing access to setup utilities for configuring system settings.

Uploaded by

sheoran3
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIOS

Main topics covered

Definition of BIOS

Basic BIOS setup utilities


What BIOS does

BIOS

Basic input/output System

BIOS is the abbreviation for Basic input/output System. The name indicates that the BIOS provides basic input and output routines for communicating between the software and the peripherals such as the keyboard, screen and the disk drive.

When we turn on our computer then Microprocessor tries to execute its first instruction it cant get it directly from operating system because O.S. is located on hard disk, and it cant get to O.S. till some instruction tell it how? And bios tells it how to get its first instruction.

What BIOS does?


POST Activating other BIOS chips Providing set of low level routines Managing system settings Common operational sequence of bios

Sequence of operations bios performs:1)

Check the CMOS Setup for custom settings Load the interrupt handlers and device drivers Initialize registers and power management Perform the power-on self-test (POST) Display system settings Determine which devices are bootable & Initiate bootstrap sequence

2) 3) 4) 5)
6)

Check the CMOS Setup for custom settings

The first thing the BIOS does is check the information stored in a tiny (64 bytes) amount of RAM located on a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip.

Cmos setup provides detailed information particular to your system and can be altered as your system changes. The BIOS uses this information to modify or supplement its default programming as needed

Load the interrupt handlers and device drivers

Interrupt handlers are small pieces of software that act as translators between the hardware components and the operating system

For example, when you press a key on your keyboard, the signal is sent to the keyboard interrupt handler, which tells the CPU what it is and passes it on to the operating system. The device drivers are other pieces of software that identify the base hardware components such as keyboard, mouse, hard drive and floppy drive. Since the BIOS is constantly intercepting signals to and from the hardware, it is usually copied, or shadowed, into RAM to run faster.

Initialize registers and power management

BIOS displays text describing things like the amount of memory installed in your computer, the type of hard disk and so on.

After checking the CMOS Setup and loading the interrupt handlers, the BIOS determines whether the video card is operational. Most video cards have a miniature BIOS of their own that initializes the memory and graphics processor on the card. Next, the BIOS checks to see if this is a cold boot or a reboot. It does this by checking the value at memory address

Perform the power-on self-test (POST)


A

power-on self-test (POST) for all of the different hardware components in the system to make sure everything is working properly

Display system settings


Managing a collection of settings for the hard disks, clock, etc. The BIOS is special software that interfaces the major hardware components of your computer with the operating system. It is usually stored on a Flash memory chip on the motherboard, but sometimes the chip is another type of ROM. The BIOS then displays some details about your system. This typically includes information about: The processor The floppy drive and hard drive Memory BIOS revision and date Display

Determine which devices are bootable & Initiate the bootstrap sequence

Normally computers are configured to boot from a floppy disk first then the hard drive. On newer computers it's the hard drive that boots first, as floppy disks are fairly obsolete. Sometimes you will need to boot from a CD. If so, you will have to change the boot order. This can be done by entering the BIOS settings and making the change. The BIOS will try to initiate the boot sequence from the first device. If the BIOS does not find a device, it will try the next device in the list .

If it does not find the proper files on a device, the startup process will halt.

Interrupt 19H is the bootstrap loader. On startup or on system reset, this routine tries to load some form of the basic operating system from a predetermined place

Finish..

Phoenix Award BIOS CMOS Setup utility

Standard CMOS Features


Advanced BIOS Features Advanced Chipset Features

Frequency/Voltage Control
Load Fail-Safe Defaults Load Optimised Defaults

Integrated Peripherals
Power Management Setup Pnp / Pcp Configuration PC Health Status
Esc : Quit

Set Supervisor Password


Set User Password Save & Exit Setup Exit Without Saving

:
Time, Date, Hard Disk type ...

Select

F10 : Save & Exit Setup

Item

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