C/C++ Compiling @ UM/MCSR

Last modified: September 3, 2008

Outline
Surfing www.mcsr.olemiss.edu website Logging into the system via ssh Brief History of C/C++ languages Basic Structure and Syntax of C/C++ Programs A quick glance on PICO editor A detailed look on compilers and compiling commands How to run a compiled file Application of C/C++ Compiling

Logging into the system using ssh

Logging into the system from Windows:
Start the secure shell client: Start->Programs->SSH Secure Shell->Secure Shell Client Connect to willow: From the secure shell window, click Quick Connect. Then, from the Connect to Remote Host pop-up window, enter: Hostname : HostName User Name : UserName Click Connect. Start the Terminal: Finder Utilities Terminal Type the following command: ssh UserName@HostName Enter your password

Logging into the system from Unix:

If you are a windows user and you want to download ssh: Go to MCSR Web at www.mcsr.olemiss.edu and click on the Software Tab, followed by the Secure Shell link. If you are a Unix, Linux, or MAC user, ssh will come with the operating system

A Brief History of C language

In the early 1970s, Dennis Ritchie of Bell Laboratories was engaged in a project to develop new operating system. C programming language was then developed.

In the early 1980's, also at Bell Laboratories, another C++ language was created. This new language was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup and was called C++ which was designed with OOP (Object Oriented Programming) features added to C without significantly changing the C component.
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A Simple C Program
/* Take a number multiply it by 10 and display it */

#include <stdio.h>
main() { int number, result; printf("Type in a number \n"); scanf("%d", &number); result = number *10; printf("The number multiplied by 10 equals %d\n", result); }
Sample Program Output
Type in a number 23 The number multiplied by 10 equals 230

A Simple C Program
/* Take a number multiply it by 10 and display it */

#include <stdio.h>

Comments are set between /* and */

main() { int number, result; printf("Type in a number \n"); scanf("%d", &number); result = number *10; printf("The number multiplied by 10 equals %d\n", result); }
Sample Program Output
Type in a number 23 The number multiplied by 10 equals 230

A Simple C Program
/* Take a number multiply it by 10 and display it */

#include <stdio.h>

main() { int number, result; printf("Type in a number \n"); scanf("%d", &number); result = number *10; printf("The number multiplied by 10 equals %d\n", result); }
Sample Program Output
Type in a number 23 The number multiplied by 10 equals 230

The C pre-processor replaces this directive with the contents of the stdio.h header file from the standard C library.

A Simple C Program
/* Take a number multiply it by 10 and display it */

#include <stdio.h>

main() { int number, result; printf("Type in a number \n"); scanf("%d", &number); result = number *10; printf("The number multiplied by 10 equals %d\n", result); }
Sample Program Output
Type in a number 23 The number multiplied by 10 equals 230

Every C program must have one main function.

A Simple C Program
/* Take a number multiply it by 10 and display it */

#include <stdio.h>
main() Each variable must be explicitly defined as { a specific type. int number, result; printf("Type in a number \n"); scanf("%d", &number); result = number *10; printf("The number multiplied by 10 equals %d\n", result); }
Sample Program Output
Type in a number 23 The number multiplied by 10 equals 230

A Simple C Program
/* Take a number multiply it by 10 and display it */

#include <stdio.h>
main() { The stdio library defines the int number, result; printf("Type in a number \n"); printf() function for creating output. scanf("%d", &number); result = number *10; printf("The number multiplied by 10 equals %d\n", result); }
Sample Program Output
Type in a number 23 The number multiplied by 10 equals 230

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A Simple C Program
/* Take a number multiply it by 10 and display it */

#include <stdio.h>
main() { The stdio library defines the int number, result; printf("Type in a number \n"); printf() function for creating output. scanf("%d", &number); \n is the newline character result = number *10; printf("The number multiplied by 10 equals %d\n", result); }
Sample Program Output
Type in a number 23 The number multiplied by 10 equals 230

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A Simple C Program
/* Take a number multiply it by 10 and display it */

#include <stdio.h>
main() scanf() function for capturing input. { int number, result; printf("Type in a number \n"); scanf("%d", &number); result = number *10; printf("The number multiplied by 10 equals %d\n", result); }
Sample Program Output
Type in a number 23 The number multiplied by 10 equals 230

The stdio library defines the

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A Simple C Program
/* Take a number multiply it by 10 and display it */

#include <stdio.h>
main() { int number, result; printf("Type in a number \n"); %d tells scanf() to interpret the input as a decimal value scanf("%d", &number); result = number *10; printf("The number multiplied by 10 equals %d\n", result); }
Sample Program Output
Type in a number 23 The number multiplied by 10 equals 230

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A Simple C Program
/* Take a number multiply it by 10 and display it */

#include <stdio.h>

The = operator is used for main() assignment. { int number, result; printf("Type in a number \n"); The * operator is used for scanf("%d", &number); multiplication. result = number *10; printf("The number multiplied by 10 equals %d\n", result); }
Sample Program Output
Type in a number 23 The number multiplied by 10 equals 230

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A Simple C Program
/* Take a number multiply it by 10 and display it */

#include <stdio.h>
main() { int number, result; printf("Type in a number \n"); scanf("%d", &number); result = number *10; printf("The number multiplied by 10 equals %d\n", result); }
Sample Program Output
Type in a number 23 The number multiplied by 10 equals 230

%d tells printf() to treat the value of the result variable as a decimal nbr.

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Simple C++ Program

/* Take a number multiply it by 10 and display it */

#include <iostream>

int main() { int number, result; std::cout<<"Type in a number << std::endl; std::cin>>number; result = number *10; std::cout<<"The number multiplied by 10 equals <<result; }
Sample Program Output
Type in a number 23 The number multiplied by 10 equals 230

C++ pre-processor directives include different versions of the standard library packages.

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Simple C++ Program

/* Take a number multiply it by 10 and display it */

#include <iostream>

int main() { int number, result; std::cout <<"Type in a number << std::endl; std::cin >>number; result = number *10; std::cout<<"The number multiplied by 10 equals <<result; }
Sample Program Output
Type in a number 23 The number multiplied by 10 equals 230

std is an object which you can send messages tomessages such as: cout, cin, & endl.

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Simple C++ Program

/* Take a number multiply it by 10 and display it */

#include <iostream> using namespace std;

int main() { int number, result; cout <<"Type in a number << endl; cin>>number; result = number *10; cout<<"The number multiplied by 10 equals <<result; }
Sample Program Output
Type in a number 23 The number multiplied by 10 equals 230

You can use an objects namespace, to keep from having to specify the name of the object each time you send it a message.

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The PICO Editor

General Command
Write editor contents to a file Save the file and exit pico Spell Check Justify the text [Ctrl] [Ctrl] [Ctrl] [Ctrl] o x t j

Moving around in your file

Move Move Move Move one character to the right one character to the left up one line down one line [Ctrl] [Ctrl] [Ctrl] [Ctrl] f or right arrow key b or left arrow key p or up arrow key n or down arrow key

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C/C++ source files suffixes

.cpp, .cc, .c suffixes are used for C++ programs that are to be preprocessed, compiled and assembled .c for C programs that are to be processed, compiled and assembled .h or preprocessor (header) files

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How to run compiled files

The compiling commands create an executable file known as a.out unless specified otherwise. To execute your program, type ./a.out and press Enter.

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Compilation Details
Source code Assembly Machine Code

object.cpp

object.s
object.h main.s main.cpp

object.o
Output main.o

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A detailed look into Compilers and Compiling commands

C/C++ Compilers at UM/MCSR:
Intel C++ Compiler on redwood MIPS C, MIPSpro C, and MIPSpro C++ version 7.4 compilers on Origin 2800 sweetgum Portland Group, GNU, and MPICH Compilers on Beowulf Cluster mimosa GNU C Compiler and SUN STUDIO 8 C/C++ Compilers on willow
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Loading the appropriate Intel Compiler Module

Several versions/builds of Intel compilers are available on redwood. To compile, you must first pick which compiler version module you want to load, then load it. Before you can use the module command, you must source the correct setup file for your shell. Then you use the module command:
module module module module . /usr/share/modules/init/sh (if using ssh) (There should be a space between . and /opt) list (to see if any other versions of compiler modules are loaded) purge (to unload any other versions of compiler modules) list (to verify that other versions were successfully unloaded) avail (to see what versions of compiler modules are available to load)

For example, to load the latest 10.1 version of the C Compilers:

module load c101 module list

These are the names of the modules and the compiler versions they correspond to:
intel-compilers.7.1.037 for c 7.1 intel-compilers.8.0.042 for c 8.0 intel-compilers.8.0.046 for c 8.0 intel-compilers.9.0.027 for c 9.0 intel-compilers.9.1.046 for c 9.1 intel-compilers.cc.10.1.017 for c 10.1

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Intel C++ Compiler on redwood

Intel C/C++ Compilers(7.1, 8.0, 9.0, 9.1 & 10.0)

Before using the C/C++ Compiler on redwood, you must first load the appropriate Intel compiler module. Then, to compile: icc example.c if using the 8.0 or later compiler ecc example.c if using the 7.1 compiler.

With Intel compilers, the invocation syntax is the same regardless of whether your source file is C or C++.
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Exercise 1: Intel Compiler on Redwood

1. 2.
A. B. C. C.

If you have an account on redwood, login to it. Copy the two example source files from /usr/local/examples/c to your working directory:
cd 1 (if using a common class account, cd to your numbered subdirectory) cp /usr/local/examples/c/hello.c ./hello.c cp /usr/local/examples/c/addtwo.cpp ./addtwo.cpp . /usr/share/modules/init/bash

3. 4. 5. 6.

Source the appropriate modules environment script for your shell: Use module avail to see which modules are available Load one of the 10.X modules Compile/execute the hello.c and addtwo.cpp
icc hello.c ./a.out icc addtwo.cpp ./a.out module list module clear module list module load c101 module list

A. B.

7.

A. B. C. D. A. B. C.

Clear all loaded modules

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Sweetgum and Mimosa

Sweetgum: MIPSPro 7.4 Compilers, version 7.4 To compile with cc/CC on sweetgum, enter:
CC example.c

To find out more about compilers, enter:

man cc OR man CC

Mimosa: PGI CDK 7.2 Compilers To compile with the C/C++ compilers, enter:
/usr/local/apps/pgi-7.2/linux86/7.2/bin/pgCC example.c

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GNU C Compiler and SUN STUDIO 8 C/C++ Compilers on willow

gcc file1.c command is used to

compile and link a C program on willow g++ file1.c command is used to compile and link a C++ program on willow

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Willow & Common Compiler Flags

Sun Studio C/C++ Compilers, Version 5.5:
To compile with C/C++, enter: cc example.c (C) CC example.c (C++)

Compilers located in /ptmp/studio8/SUNWspro/bin GNU C/C++ Compilers, Version 3.3.2 To compile with C/C++, enter: Compilers located in /usr/local/bin
gcc example.c (C) g++ example.c (C++)

Use which to see which compiler version is being found.

which cc which CC

If there are no compilation errors this creates an executable file called a.out. To execute the C/C++ program, enter: ./a.out. 29

Exercise 2: Compile C/C++ on willow

1. 2. 3. 4. Log in to willow using the account: student Change to your numbered working directory:
cd 1 gcc hello.c ./a.out CC simpleB.cpp ./a.out cc hello.c
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Compile/execute hello.c using GNU C compiler Compile/execute simpleB.cpp using Suns C++

5.

Try to compile hello.c using Suns C compiler

Example C/C++ Flags

cc <flag> <filename.c>

-c Compile or assemble the source files, but do not link.

-S Stop after the stage of compilation proper -E Stop after the preprocessing stage -o newFilename Name executable something besides a.out -V Show the compiler version (SUN) -v Show the compiler version (GNU)

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Exercise 3: Compiler Options

1. Compile/execute hello.c using GNU C compiler, and name the executable file helloc.exe
gcc hello.c o helloc.exe ./helloc.exe

2.

Determine what version of the GNU compilers are installed

gcc -v g++ -v CC V

3.

Determine version of installed Suns compiler

/ptmp/studio8/SUNWspro/bin/cc -V
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Frequently Asked ?s on C/C++ Willow

1. 2. 3. How can I compile one or more C/C++ source files into object files without yet linking into an executable program? How can I ensure the compiler will find a C/C++ header file referenced by my program? How can I ensure the compiler will find a precompiled module referenced by my program but residing in a system- or user-defined archive library? How can I add my own module to a library archive for others on the system to re-use?

4.

Answers here (or in Advanced C/C++ Compiling Unix Camp) http://www.mcsr.olemiss.edu/appssubpage.php?pagename=cwillow.inc 33