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HDLC and PPP

HDLC and PPP are popular point-to-point protocols that provide connection management and parameter negotiation capabilities that technologies like Ethernet lack. HDLC was defined by ISO for use on both point-to-point and multipoint data links and supports full-duplex communication, while PPP is commonly used for dial-up and ISDN connections. Both protocols are derived from IBM's SDLC and provide reliable transmission with features like flow control and error checking.

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258 views19 pages

HDLC and PPP

HDLC and PPP are popular point-to-point protocols that provide connection management and parameter negotiation capabilities that technologies like Ethernet lack. HDLC was defined by ISO for use on both point-to-point and multipoint data links and supports full-duplex communication, while PPP is commonly used for dial-up and ISDN connections. Both protocols are derived from IBM's SDLC and provide reliable transmission with features like flow control and error checking.

Uploaded by

Isabel Gx
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HDLC and PPP

The Data Link Layer in the Internet


A home personal computer acting as an internet host.

Technology like Ethernet cannot provide high-level functionality like connection management and parameter negotiation

Point to Point Data Link Control


One sender, one receiver, one link: easier than broadcast link:
No Media Access Control No need for explicit MAC addressing E.g., dialup link, ISDN line

Popular point-to-point and high-level DLC protocols:


PPP (point-to-point protocol) HDLC: High level data link control (Data link used to be considered high layer in protocol stack). HDLC is also used in multi-point links (one station many receivers)

These protocols can often be run over other data link technologies providing best of both worlds HDLC encapsulation by Ethernet
3

All Data Link Protocols are derived from data link protocol used in IBMs SNA, called SDLC. After developing SDLC, IBM submitted it to ANSI and ISO for acceptance as U.S. and international standards. ANSI modified it to become ADCCP( Advanced Data Communication Control Procedure), and ISO modified it to become HDLC

High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC)


HDLC was defined by ISO for use on both pointto-point and multipoint data links. It supports full-duplex communication Other similar protocols are
Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) by IBM Advanced Data Communication Control Procedure (ADCCP) by ANSI Link Access Procedure, Balanced (LAP-B) by CCITT, as part of its X.25 packet-switched network standard

HDLC Overview
Broadly HDLC features are as follows:
Reliable protocol
selective repeat or go-back-N

Full-duplex communication
receive and transmit at the same time

Bit-oriented protocol
use bits to stuff flags occurring in data

Flow control
adjust window size based on receiver capability

Uses physical layer clocking and synchronization to send and receive frames

HDLC Overview
Defines three types of stations
Primary Secondary Combined

Defines three types of data transfer mode


Normal Response mode Asynchronous Response mode Asynchronous Balanced mode

Three types of frames


Unnumbered information Supervisory

HDLC
The three stations are :
Primary station
Has the responsibility of controlling the operation of data flow the link. Handles error recovery Frames issued by the primary station are called commands.

Secondary station,
Operates under the control of the primary station. Frames issued by a secondary station are called responses. The primary station maintains a separate logical link with each secondary station.

Combined station,
Acts as both as primary and secondary station. Does not rely on other for sending data

HDLC
Unbalanced Mode

Commands
Primary Responses Secondary Secondary

Balanced mode

Combined commands/Responses

Combined

HDLC
The three modes of data transfer operations are
Normal Response Mode (NRM)
Mainly used in terminal-mainframe networks. In this case, Secondaries (terminals) can only transmit when specifically instructed by the primary station in response to a polling Unbalanced configuration, good for multi-point links

Asynchronous Response Mode (ARM)


Same as NRM except that the secondaries can initiate transmissions without direct polling from the primary station Reduces overhead as no frames need to be sent to allow secondary nodes to transmit Transmission proceeds when channel is detected idle , used mostly in point-to-point-links

Asynchronous Balanced Mode (ABM)


Mainly used in point-to-point links, for communication between combined stations

Non-operational Modes
Normal Disconnected Mode Asynchronous Disconnected Mode Both the above modes mean that the secondary node is logically disconnected from the primary node Initialization Mode
A node negotiates transmission parameters with the other node E.g., flow control information Parameters negotiated in this mode are used during any of the data transfer modes

Data Link Control HDLC frame structure


(a) Frame Format

(b) Control field format

Data Link Control HDLC frame structure

(c) Extended address field

(d) Extended control field

HDLC

Flag: 01111110- start and ending delimiter. Bits are stuffed for flags in data frames FCS: 16-bit CRC using generating polynomial
G(x) = x16 + x12 + x5 + 1

Address field:
mainly used in multidrop link configuration, and not used in point-to-point In unbalanced configuration, every secondary is assigned a unique address. Contains address of secondary station in both command and response frames In balanced mode, command frame has destination address and response frame has sending nodes address Group addresses are also possible. E.g., One command sent to all the secondaries

In I-frames, N(s) is the sequence number of the frame being sent, and R(s) is the sequence number of the frame being expected. The P/F bit, known as the poll/final bit, is used with different meaning in different contexts.
It is used to indicate polling, to indicate the final I-frame, etc

HDLC
There are three different classes of frames used in HDLC
Unnumbered frames, used in link setup and disconnection, and hence do not contain ACK. Information frames, which carry actual information. Such frames can piggyback ACK in case of ABM Supervisory frames, which are used for error and flow control purposes and hence contain send and receive sequence numbers

HDLC
There are four different supervisory frames
SS=00, Receiver Ready (RR), and N(R) ACKs all frames received up to and including the one with sequence number N(R) - 1 SS=10, Receiver Not Ready (RNR), and N(R) has the same meaning as above SS=01, Reject; all frames with sequence number N(R) or higher are rejected, which in turns ACKs frames with sequence number N(R) -1 or lower. SS=11, Selective Reject; the receive rejects the frame with sequence number N(R)

HDLC
The unnumbered frames can be grouped into the following categories:
Mode-setting commands and responses Recovery commends and responses Miscellaneous commands and responses

SDLC
Developped by IBM for use w/ SNA Most of L2 protocols are based on the SDLC format (HDLC, LAPB, 802.2, etc)

SDLC Frame Format

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