HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential
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www.huawei.com
Load Control
340315,7 340315,7
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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Page 2
Chapter 1 Load Control presentation
Chapter 2 Load control algorithms
Chapter 3 Call Admission Control



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Page 3
Load Concept
Load:
The occupancy of capacity
TDMA and FDMA system: the capacity is hard
limited.
Example: In GSM, the cell capacity (channel
number) is fixed.
CDMA system:
soft capacity
Hard capacity
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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Page 4
Load Concept
Time
Frequency
FDMA
User#1
User#2
User#3
User#1
User#2
User#3
Frequency
Time
TDMA
Frequency
Time
Code
CDMA
User#1
User#2
User#3
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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Page 5
Capacity of CDMA system
Soft capacity:
Interference (UL)
Power (DL)
Hard capacity
Code
Hard ware resource
Transport resource, NodeB processing capability.


HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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The following nine
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Page 6
Chapter 1 Load Control presentation
Chapter 2 Load control algorithms
Chapter 3 Call Admission Control



HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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The following nine
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Page 7
Load Control Algorithm(1)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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Page 8
Load Control Algorithm(2)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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The following nine
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Page 9
Load Control Algorithm(3)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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The following nine
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Page 10
Load Control Features(1)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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Page 11
Load Control Features(2)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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The following nine
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Page 12
Chapter 1 Load Control presentation
Chapter 2 Load control algorithms
Chapter 3 Call Admission Control



HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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Page 13
Principle of the Admission Control
Before accepting any request the RNC checks :

Radio Interface Resource
IUB Transmission Resource
CE resource
Code resource
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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Page 14
call arrive
Get the service characteristic and the current load
Suppose the user is accepted, and calculate the predicted
UL load factor. And then compared with the threshold.
admitted?
Suppose the user is accepted, and
calculate the predicted DL load factor.
And then compared with the threshold.
admitted?
call admitted
call rejected
end
n
y
y
n
Flow Chart of Admission Control
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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Page 15
Principle of the Admission Control
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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Page 16
Activity factor : The percentage of time that the data
transmission is active.
The UL and DL activity factor may be different for
dedicated channel.
Different service type has different activity factor.
Activity factor
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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Page 17
Eb/No
j
j
b
P RTWP
P
R
W
power ce Interf eren
power Signal
gain g proces N E

=
- =
v
sin /
0
RTWP
N E
R W
P
b
j

+
=
0
/
) /(
1
1
v
0
/
) /(
1
1
N E
R W
L
b
j

+
=
v

e
+ =
cell the in user all j
j UL
L f ) 1 ( q
Received power Pj
Define load factor for user j
UL load factor
Admission Control UL Algorithm
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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Page 18
Admission Control UL Algorithm 1
Admission request
Smaller than the
threshold?
admitted
y
end of UL CAC
rejected
n
Get current RTWP, and calculate the
current load factor.
RTWP
P
N
UL
=1 q
Get the traffic characteristic, and
estimate the increment of load factor.
R
N
E
W
b
0
1
1
+
= Aq
Calculate the predicted load factor.
0 _
q q q q + A + =
UL predicted UL
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Page 19
Admission request
Smaller than the
threshold?
admitted
y
end of DL CAC
rejected
n
Get current TCP.
) (N P
Get the traffic characteristic, and
estimate the increment of tcp.
P A
Calculate the predicted tcp.
comm
P P N P + A + ) (
Admission Control DL Algorithm 1
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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Page 20
Reference service : 12.2k AMR with activity factor = 1.
Normalized traffic factor of user i :
( )
( )
dard s
c
i
c
i
N E
N E
k
tan
0
0
=
Normalized traffic factor(NTF) has the meaning of
equivalent number of user i relatives to the 12.2k AMR.
UL and DL may have different normalized traffic factor.
Normalized traffic factor
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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Page 21
Admission request
Smaller than the
threshold?
admitted
y
end of UL/DL CAC
rejected
n
Get current total NTF.

=
=
N
i
i
k N K
1
) (
Get the traffic characteristic, and
estimate the increment of NTF.
( )
( )
dard s c
N c
N
N E
N E
k
tan 0
1 0
1
+
+
=
Calculate the predicted NTF.
1
) ( ) 1 (
+
+ = +
N
k N K N K
UL & DL Algorithm2
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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The following nine
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Page 22
Only for dedicated channels, and reserve a certain
resource for the common channels.
UL and DL CAC algorithms are independently.
In principle, a request will be admitted only when UL and
DL are both admitted. But if UL or DL CAC switch is closed,
only one direction CAC also can be realized.
Strategies
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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The following nine
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Page 23
Handover threshold, conversational threshold and other
services threshold are used to keep the priority of the handover
higher than the conversational, conversational than the Best
Effort services.
For RRC Connection request with the reason : registration,
emergency call and Detach direct admission is used.

For RRC Connection request with the reason
Originating/Terminating Conversational call the thresholds for
AMR voice services are used.

Strategies
For RRC Connection request with other reason, UL/DL OLC Trigger
threshold is used when using algorithm 1. when using algorithm 2 the
same threshold is used if OLC switch is off unless the connection will
be rejected if the cell is in an overload congestion state.

Thank you
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