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Universal Serial Bus

The document discusses the Universal Serial Bus (USB) protocol. It describes what USB is, its components like connectors and cables, signaling methods, the protocol including transactions and packets, and developments like USB OTG which allows dual host/device functionality.

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ram
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371 views30 pages

Universal Serial Bus

The document discusses the Universal Serial Bus (USB) protocol. It describes what USB is, its components like connectors and cables, signaling methods, the protocol including transactions and packets, and developments like USB OTG which allows dual host/device functionality.

Uploaded by

ram
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 30

UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS

1
Overview

 Introduction
 Components
 Protocol
 Icons
 Developments
 USB OTG

2
What Is USB?

1. Invented & standardized – 1995


 U – universal
 S – serial
 B – bus
5. 127 Devices ?
6. Data transmission using packets.

3
Why Use USB?
 Single port for many devices.
 Plug and play.
 Automatic detection of device.
 No need to restart the system.
 Speed flexibility.
6. Low speed
7. Full speed
8. High speed
 Robust – error detection capability.
4
COMPONENTS

 Host controller (m) and device controller (s)


 Hub is optional
 Five “basic” components
Cables and Connectors
Power
Electrical Signaling
Protocol
Device Framework
Standard commands
Standard descriptions
5
Connectors
3“standard” plugs (not including
OTG mini-A)
‘A’ plug leads upstream to host
‘B’ or ‘mini-B’ plug goes to device
“captive”cable -- device end of cable
uses a “vendor-specific connect
method”: hard-wired or special plug

6
7
Standard Cables
5 m maximum length (shorter for
low-speed)
26 ns maximum delay between ‘A’ plug
and ‘B’ plug
125 mV maximum voltage drop
4 conductors plus shield
D+ and D- (twisted) data pair
VBUS (power)
Ground

8
Electrical Signaling (1)
 Three Signaling rates
High-Speed == 480 Mbps
Full-Speed == 12 Mbps
Low-Speed == 1.5 Mbps
 Basic signals
Idle
Reset (only full- and low-speed; long
enough SE0)
Suspend (more than 3 ms of continuous
idle)
Resume 9
Electrical Signaling (2)
 Data moved via ~Differential
Signaling
 Full- and Low-Speed – USB 1
specification
 High-Speed - USB 2 specification
 NRZI with bit-stuffing

baseband transmission

10
Protocol - Transactions
 Packets always part of a transaction
 Transactions always target a Device
Endpoint (source or sink)
 Transit via a Pipe that connects Host
& Device
 Transactions have 1 to 3 components
Host “talks”, Device “answers”
Token packet (always present and from
host)
Data packet (direction as specified by
Token) 11


Endpoint
 Endpoint : source or sink of data
 Also a interface between hardware
and software.
 Every device will many pairs of buffer
 One is used for IN transaction
 Other is used for OUT transaction

 Alldevices should have ENDP = 0


 Each buffer is of 8 bit length.

12
Pipes
 Logicalconnection b/t host &
endpoints
 Parameters
 Bandwidth
 Type of transfer
 Packet size
 Buffer size etc

13
Packet Id
 Basically4 bits
 But a byte is used for PID
 Every packet should have PID field

Pid Pid P P P P P P
0 id2 id3 id4 id5 id6 id7
1 nibble is complement of lower
 Higher
nibble
 Advantage
 Self check (i.e., CRC is not used to check the
PID)

14
Token packets

Setup , IN, OUT , SOF


SYNC PID ADDR ENDP CRC5 EOP

SYNC – START OF PACKET (8)


PID – PACKET ID (8)
ADDR – ADDRESS(7)
ENDP – ENDPOINT(4)
CRC5 – CHECKSUM(5) X^5 + X^2 + 1
EOP – END OF PACKET(D+ , D- both zero)
15
Token packets
 Setup
 Device configuration
 Device descriptors etc

 In
 Host ready to receive data
 Out
 Host ready to send data
 SOF
 Start of frame
16
Data packets

 Data 0 , Data 1 ?
 3 to 1026 bytes – High speed USB
 11 bytes – Low speed USB

PID DATA EOP


SYNC CRC1
 DATA – PAYLOAD
6
 CRC16 – CHECKSUM (16) X^16 + X^15 +
X^2 + 1.
17
CRC

o WHY CRC5 – Token packets , CRC16 – Data packets ?


 size of packets

o Polynomial 16 ?
All 4 errors can be detected
Single bit error
Two bit error
Odd error
Burst error

18
Handshake packets
 ACK , NAK , STALL
 ACK – Positive acknowledgement
 NAK – Negative acknowledgement
 STALL – The device finds its in a state that it

requires intervention from the host.


• Transmission is in opposite direction of that of data
packets.
SYNC PID EOP

19
Descriptors
 Information to the host about device
 Type of device , Manufacturer ,
Version ,
number of endpoints and
configuration
example:
 Device descriptor: Vendor id ,USB
compatibility
 Configuration descriptor: Power , interface type
 Endpoint descriptor: To determine bandwidth
for the 20

bus
Working

21
SERIAL INTERFACE
ENGINE
 Part
of both the host's and the
device's physical layer
FUNCTIONS
 SERIALIZATION AND DESERIALIZATION
 NRZI ENCODING AND DECODING
 BITSTUFFING AND DESTUFFING
 CHECKSUM GENERATION AND ERROR
CHECKING
 PID , EOP , SOP DETECTOR

22
IN TRANSACTION
 ORIGINAL DATA + CHECKSUM
 PARALLEL TO SERIAL
 BIT STUFFING
 NRZI ENCODING

OUT TRANSACTION
 NRZI DECODING
 BIT DESTUFFING
 SERIAL TO PARALLEL
 CRC CHECK

23
ICONS

24
USB OTG

25
What is USB OTG ?

 Supplement to USB 2 specification


 Gives dual role capability to
increasingly intelligent platforms , on
the same port
 Result is “point-point” USB from
users perspective.
 Supports 12 Mbps , 1.5 Mbps

480 Mbps (optional)


26
What changes does USB
OTG require?
 Reduced connector size.
 Power consumption is less.
 Adds protocol for dynamic switching
between host and device (HNP).
 Session request protocol
 USB power can switched on/off on
discretion of device A

27
OTG Dual-Role Device

 has a single mini-AB receptacle


Is A-device (host) when mini-A plug
inserted
Is B-device (device) when mini-B plug
inserted
 operates at Full-speed
 may operate at High-Speed
 may support one or more hubs (as an
A-device)
28
COMPARISON

USB OTG product USB Host in PC


-Must source 8mA -Sources 500mA on
Vbus
min on Vbus
-May or may not be able to -Supports device
which has
load more drivers drivers.
-Always has
mechanism to
load more
drivers. 29

-PCI not present -Standardized PCI


For more information

 Visit
 www.usb.org
 www.usb.org/developers/onthego
 http://www.howstuffworks.com/
 http://www.trenz-electronic.de/down/dwdten.ht

30

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