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    Word Formation

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    Ma Xiaomeng
    This document discusses the different types of word formation in English, including compounding, prefixation, suffixation, conversion, clipping, blends, back-formation, acronyms, onomatopoeia, eponyms, and toponyms. It provides examples for each type of word formation and explains their definitions and morphological processes. The major types of word formation discussed are compounding, prefixation, suffixation, and conversion.

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    Word Formation

    Uploaded by

    Ma Xiaomeng
    2K views16 pages
    This document discusses the different types of word formation in English, including compounding, prefixation, suffixation, conversion, clipping, blends, back-formation, acronyms, onomatopoeia, eponyms, and toponyms. It provides examples for each type of word formation and explains their definitions and morphological processes. The major types of word formation discussed are compounding, prefixation, suffixation, and conversion.

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    This document discusses the different types of word formation in English, including compounding, prefixation, suffixation, conversion, clipping, blends, back-formation, acronyms, onomatopoeia, eponyms, and toponyms. It provides examples for each type of word formation and explains their definitions and morphological processes. The major types of word formation discussed are compounding, prefixation, suffixation, and conversion.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2K views16 pages

    Word Formation

    Uploaded by

    Ma Xiaomeng
    This document discusses the different types of word formation in English, including compounding, prefixation, suffixation, conversion, clipping, blends, back-formation, acronyms, onomatopoeia, eponyms, and toponyms. It provides examples for each type of word formation and explains their definitions and morphological processes. The major types of word formation discussed are compounding, prefixation, suffixation, and conversion.

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    English Word Formation

    Types of Word Formation


    1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Compounding Prefixation Suffixation Conversion Clipping Blends Backformation Acronyms Onomatopoeia Eponyms Toponyms

    1. Compounding
    Definition: Two or more words joined together to

    form a new word. Examples: Home + work homework Pick + pocket pickpocket The meaning of a compound is not always the sum of the meanings of its parts. Types of compounds: Compound nouns Compound verbs Compound adjectives

    Compound Nouns
    1. Boyfriend, hatchback 1. Noun + Noun

    2. Cut-throat, breakfast
    3. Sunshine, birth control 4. Software, fast food 5. In-crowd, overkill 6. Drop-out, put-on

    2. Verb + Noun
    3. Noun + Verb 4. Adjective + Noun 5. Particle + Noun 6. Verb + Particle

    Compound Verbs
    1. Carbon-copy, sky-dive 1. Noun + Verb

    2. Fine-tune
    3. Overbook 4. Bad-mouth

    2. Adjective + Verb
    3. Particle + Verb 4. Adjective + Noun

    Compound Adjectives
    1. Capital-intensive 1. Noun + Adjective

    2. Deaf-mute
    3. Coffee-table 4. Roll-neck 5. White-collar 6. Before-tax

    2. Adjective + Adjective
    3. Noun + Noun 4. Verb + Noun 5. Adjective + Noun 6. Particle + Noun

    7. Go-go

    7. Verb-verb

    2. Prefixation
    Class-changing prefixes:

    abeeninforeEtc.

    asleep bewitch enslave indefinite foreman

    V to Adj N to V N to V Adj to Adj N to N

    Class-maintaining prefixes:

    3. Suffixation
    Suffixes forming Nouns

    N from N: -dom kingdom N from V: -ee employee N from Adj: -ce dependence Suffixes forming Verbs V from N: -ify beautify V from Adj: -en shorten Suffixes forming adjectives Adj from N: -al educational Adj from V: -able understandable Adj from Adj: -ish greenish Suffixes forming Adverbs: -ly, -ward, and wise.

    4. Conversion
    Definition: Assigning an already existing word

    to a new syntactic category. Types of Conversion

    Verb to Noun: to hit a hit Adj to N: a final game a final N to V: a sign to sign Adj to V: an empty box to empty

    5. Clipping
    Definition: Shortening a polysyllabic word by

    deleting one or more syllables Examples: Gasoline Gas Hamburger Burger delicatessen deli microphone mike

    6. Blends
    Definition: Similar to compounds, but

    parts of the words are deleted. Examples: Motor + hotel Motel Breakfast + lunch Brunch Wireless + Fidelity Wi-fi Sheep + goat Shoat

    7. Back-formations
    Definition: Creative reduction due to incorrect

    morphological analysis. Examples: editor (1649) edit (1791) television (1907) televise (1927) Paramedical (1921) paramedic (1967)

    8. Acronyms
    Definition: Words derived from the initial letters of

    several words and use them as a new word Examples: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Treats SWOT Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus SCUBA

    9. Onomatopoeia
    Definition: Words created to sound like the thing

    that they name.


    English Cock-a-doo Meow Japanese Kokekokko Nya Tagalog Kuk-kakauk Niyaw Indonesian Kukuruyuk Meong

    10. Eponyms
    Definition: a person after whom a

    discovery, invention, place, etc., is named. Examples: Celcius (Anders Celcius) Cook Islands (James Cook)

    11. Toponyms
    Definition: a place name, especially one

    derived from a topographical feature. Examples:

    Montana (mountains in Spanish) Mississippi (big river in Chippewa)

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