Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This results in isotopes of an element having nearly identical chemical properties but different physical properties like mass and density. The document provides examples of isotopes like oxygen-16, hydrogen-2, and chlorine-35. It also discusses the applications of radioisotopes in fields like medicine, archaeology, and industry.
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Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This results in isotopes of an element having nearly identical chemical properties but different physical properties like mass and density. The document provides examples of isotopes like oxygen-16, hydrogen-2, and chlorine-35. It also discusses the applications of radioisotopes in fields like medicine, archaeology, and industry.
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This results in isotopes of an element having nearly identical chemical properties but different physical properties like mass and density. The document provides examples of isotopes like oxygen-16, hydrogen-2, and chlorine-35. It also discusses the applications of radioisotopes in fields like medicine, archaeology, and industry.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This results in isotopes of an element having nearly identical chemical properties but different physical properties like mass and density. The document provides examples of isotopes like oxygen-16, hydrogen-2, and chlorine-35. It also discusses the applications of radioisotopes in fields like medicine, archaeology, and industry.
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Definition:
Atom of same element with same proton number but different nucleon numbers. @ atom of an element with different number of neutrons (text book). Eg: questions 2 in page 21 Characteristic: Isotope of an element have same chemical properties but different physical prop (eg: densities & melting point).
Element
Isotope
Proton number 8
Nucleon number 16
Number of protons 8
Number of neutrons 8
Oxygen Oxygen-16
16 8
O 8 17 8 9
17
Oxygen-16
O 8 18 8 10
18
Oxygen-16 Chlorine
O 17 35 17 18
35
Chlorine-35 17 37
Cl 17 Cl 17
37
17
20
Chlorine-35
Element
Isotope
Proton number 1
Nucleon number 1
Number of protons 1
Number of neutrons 0
Hydrogen
Hydrogen-1
1 2
H 1 2 1 1
Hydrogen-2
1 3
H 1 3 1 2
Hydrogen-3 Bromine
H 35 80 35 45
80
Bromine-80 Br 35
81
35
81
35
46
Bromine-81 Br 35
Element
Isotope
Proton number 6
Nucleon number 12
Number of protons 6
Number of neutrons 6
Carbon Carbon-12
12 6
C 6 13 6 7
13
Carbon-13
C 6 14 6 8
14
Carbon-14
Field Medical
Isotope applications gamma rays of cobalt-60 used to kill cancer cells without surgery the patient. steril the medical instrument. Radioactive like iodine-131 used to detect malfunction of thyroid gland. Radioisotope carbon-14 used to study age of ancient artifacts (bhn2 purba) carbon-14 is used to study passage of carbon in photosynthesis. sodium-24 used to detect leakage (kebocoran) of underground pipe
Archeology
Agricultural
Industrial
Atoms made up of : nucleus that contain protons & neutrons electrons that move in shells around nucleus
Shells of an atom is numbered starting from shells that closest to nucleus. Shells closest to nucleus numbered with one. Next shells is numbered with two & so on.. Each shells can only consists of a certain number of electrons. The ways electrons distributed @ arranged in shells of an atom is called electron arrangement @ electron configuration. Nucleus First shell
Second shell Third shell
8
Max no. of e for elements with proton number 1-20
1. Fill electrons to the shells that closet to nucleus first which is 1st shell with max number of electrons that 1st shells can hold.
2. The next shells is filled up (diisi) if there are remaining of electrons.
Eg: Calcium, Ca has 20 electrons (20 protons) electron arrangement of calcium is 2.8.8.2
Ca
Ca
Valence electrons: are
electrons in the outermost shell of an atom
eg: electron arrangement of calcium is 2.8.8.2
Thus, it has two valence electrons.
element with same number of valence electrons have same chemical properties.
1. What mean by isotope? Atom of same element with same proton number but different nucleon numbers. @ atom of an element with different number of neutrons 32 15
2.
P and
31 15
P are two isotopes of phosphorus. State the number of subatomic
particles for each isotopes. Isotope Proton number 15
32 15 31 15
Nucleon number 32
Number of protons 15
Number of neutrons 17
P 15 P 31 15 16
3. Write the electron arrangement for the atoms below. a)
35 17 19 9
Cl
b)
4. a) b) c)
Determine the number of valence electrons for elements with this proton number: 7 9 16
