This document discusses primary recovery processes for petroleum extraction. Primary recovery relies on natural reservoir energy sources like solution gas expansion or water influx to produce oil and gas. Common reservoir drive mechanisms include solution gas drive, gas cap drive, water drive, and combination drives. Estimates of average oil recovery rates during primary recovery range from 5-30% of original oil in place, depending on the specific reservoir drive mechanism.
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This document discusses primary recovery processes for petroleum extraction. Primary recovery relies on natural reservoir energy sources like solution gas expansion or water influx to produce oil and gas. Common reservoir drive mechanisms include solution gas drive, gas cap drive, water drive, and combination drives. Estimates of average oil recovery rates during primary recovery range from 5-30% of original oil in place, depending on the specific reservoir drive mechanism.
This document discusses primary recovery processes for petroleum extraction. Primary recovery relies on natural reservoir energy sources like solution gas expansion or water influx to produce oil and gas. Common reservoir drive mechanisms include solution gas drive, gas cap drive, water drive, and combination drives. Estimates of average oil recovery rates during primary recovery range from 5-30% of original oil in place, depending on the specific reservoir drive mechanism.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
This document discusses primary recovery processes for petroleum extraction. Primary recovery relies on natural reservoir energy sources like solution gas expansion or water influx to produce oil and gas. Common reservoir drive mechanisms include solution gas drive, gas cap drive, water drive, and combination drives. Estimates of average oil recovery rates during primary recovery range from 5-30% of original oil in place, depending on the specific reservoir drive mechanism.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Thermal Thermal In-situ Combustion Cyclic Steam Steam Drive/Flood Hot Water Drive
Gas Gas Miscible/Immiscible Miscible/Immiscible
Hydrocarbon CO2 Nitrogen Flue Gas
Chemical Chemical Alkaline Polymer Micellar/Polymer Foam
Other Other Microbial
Petroleum Recovery Processes
Primary Recovery
Hydrocarbon production is resulting from natural reservoir energy
Petroleum Recovery Processes
Primary Recovery
Reservoir Energy Sources
Liberation, expansion of solution gas Influx of water from aquifer Expansion of reservoir rock into pore space Expansion of original reservoir fluids - Free gas - Interstitial water - Oil, if present Gravitational forces 5
Petroleum Recovery Processes
Primary Recovery
Oil Reservoir Drive Mechanisms
Solution-gas drive Gas-cap drive Water drive Combination drive Gravity-drainage drive
Gas Reservoir Drive Mechanisms
Volumetric reservoir (gas expansion drive) Water drive
Petroleum Recovery Processes
Primary Recovery Solution-Gas Drive In Oil Reservoir
Oil-producing wells
Oil A. Original Conditions
Oil-producing wells
tedn a r io e t b Li olu as s g
B. 50% Depleted
Petroleum Recovery Processes
Primary Recovery Solution-Gas Drive In Oil Reservoir Wellbore tio u l so d te e ra g a s n
Lib
ves e o s m ctur a G stru up
Secondary gas cap
Petroleum Recovery Processes
Primary Recovery Solution-Gas Drive In Oil Reservoir Rapid and continuous pressure drop, rate of decline falls at bubble point pressure. Rs (solution gas oil ratio) low until p=pb, then increases to maximum and declines. Absent or minimal water influx (water cut). Well production declines rapidly, early pumping required. Rsi Water Cut
Pressure
GOR (R)
Time 9
Petroleum Recovery Processes
Primary Recovery
Estimating Oil Recovery Factors
Solution-gas drive - API study
E R = 41.8
(1 - S wi ) B ob pb pa
0.1611
ob
0.0979
(S wi )
0.1741
0.3722
10
Petroleum Recovery Processes
Primary Recovery Gas Cap Drive in Oil Reservoirs
Oil-producing well Oil zone Gas cap Oil zone
Cross Section 11
Petroleum Recovery Processes
Primary Recovery Gas Cap Drive In Oil Reservoir Pressure drops continuously, but slowly. Rs (solution gas oil ratio) increases continuously. Water influx (water cut) absent or minimal Wells have long flowing life (depending on the size of the gas cap). Rsi Water Cut Pressure
GOR (R)
Time 12
Petroleum Recovery Processes
Primary Recovery Water Drive in Oil Reservoirs Edgewater Drive
Oil-producing well
Oil Water
Zone Water
Cross Section 13
Petroleum Recovery Processes
Primary Recovery Water Drive in Oil Reservoirs Bottomwater Drive
Oil-producing well
Oil
Zone
Water Cross Section
14
Petroleum Recovery Processes
Primary Recovery Water Drive In Oil Reservoir Pressure remains high, small drop. Rs (solution gas oil ratio) remains low. Water influx starts early and increases to appreciable levels. Residual oil may be trapped behind the advancing water. Wells flow freely until water production (water cut) becomes excessive Rsi Water Cut Pressure
GOR (R)
Time
15
Petroleum Recovery Processes
Primary Recovery Water Drive in Oil Reservoirs Effect of Production Rate on Pressure Pressure, psia 2000 1900 1800 1700
Reservoir pressure 2 1 0 Gas/oil ratio, MSCF/STB
Gas/oil ratio Water
60 40 20 0
Oil production,
20 MSTB/D 15 10 5 0
Oil
Time, years
Production data - lower oil production rate 16
Water Cut, %
Petroleum Recovery Processes
Primary Recovery
Estimating Oil Recovery Factors
Water drive - API study
E R = 54.9
(1 - Swi ) Boi pi pa
0.0422
k w oi
0.0770
(Swi )
0.1903
0.2159
17
Petroleum Recovery Processes
Primary Recovery Combination Drive in Oil Reservoirs Gas cap
Oil zone
Water Cross Section
18
Petroleum Recovery Processes
Primary Recovery PRESSURE TRENDS 100
Reservoir pressure, Percent of original
80 60 40 20 0 0
Water drive
Reservoir pressure trends
Gas-cap drive Solution-gas drive 20 40 60 80 100
Cumulative oil produced, percent of original oil in place
19
Petroleum Recovery Processes
Primary Recovery
Summary of Source(s) of Reservoir Energy
Oil Reservoir Drive Mechanisms
Solution-gas drive Gas-cap drive Water drive Combination drive Gravity-drainage drive
24
Petroleum Recovery Processes
Primary Recovery
Average Recovery Factors
Oil Reservoirs Average Oil Recovery Factors, % of OOIP Range Average 5 - 30 15 15 - 50 30 40 30 - 60 16 - 85 50 26
Drive Mechanism
Solution-gas drive Gas-cap drive Water drive Gravity-drainage drive
