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Igfet

The document discusses types of field effect transistors (FETs) including junction FETs (JFETs) and insulated gate FETs (IGFETs), with the metal-oxide-semiconductor FET (MOSFET) being the most common type of IGFET. It also describes how doping silicon with atoms like arsenic or gallium creates a P-N junction, which forms the basis of FET operation. Key aspects covered include depletion regions, forward and reverse biasing, and how NPN and PNP transistors function in basic logic circuits like AND gates. An example application discussed is a SoftRock receiver that uses FET-based logic and mixing circuits.

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Muhd Adha
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364 views37 pages

Igfet

The document discusses types of field effect transistors (FETs) including junction FETs (JFETs) and insulated gate FETs (IGFETs), with the metal-oxide-semiconductor FET (MOSFET) being the most common type of IGFET. It also describes how doping silicon with atoms like arsenic or gallium creates a P-N junction, which forms the basis of FET operation. Key aspects covered include depletion regions, forward and reverse biasing, and how NPN and PNP transistors function in basic logic circuits like AND gates. An example application discussed is a SoftRock receiver that uses FET-based logic and mixing circuits.

Uploaded by

Muhd Adha
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Field Effect Transistors and their applications

Types of Field Effect Transistors

There are Junction FETs (JFET) and Insulated gate FETs (IGFET)

There are many types of IGFET. Most common is the MOSFET: Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET.

A silicon atom (Si)

? Si ?

Has 4 outer electrons The outer electron shell needs 8 to be full (standing wave pattern)

Silicon will try to lend or borrow 4

Silicon (group 4) bonds

Si Si Si

Si Si Si

Si Si Si

Si Si Si

A pure silicon crystal lattice

An Arsenic atom (As)

Has 5 outer electrons

?
One surplus for fitting in to the lattice

As ? ?

Arsenic doping (group 5) N type

Si

Si

As

Si

Si Si Si Si

Si As Si Si

A Gallium atom (Ga)

? ? Ga ? ? ?

Has 3 outer electrons One short for fitting in to the lattice

Gallium doping (group 3) P type

Si + Si

Ga

Si

Si

Si

Si +

Si

Si

Si

Ga

Si
Holes are positive

A P-N Junction (N on left)


N Type
Si Si Si Si As

Depleted
Si Si Si Si +

P Type
Si Si Si

Si As Si Si Si Si Ga Si Ga

Si

Si

Si

Si

Si

As

Si

Si

Si

Si

Ga

Si

Si

Si +

Ga

Si Si Si Si As Si Si Si Si + Si Si Si Si Si Si Ga Si Si Si Si

Si

Si As

Si

Si

Si

As

Si

Si

As

Si

Ga

Si

Si

Si +

Ga

Si Si Si Si As Si Si Si Si + Si Si Si Si Ga Si Ga Si Si Si Si

Si

Si As

Si

What causes the depletion?


Electrons move from left to right to fill the + holes Where electrons and holes combine the area is depleted of current carriers This leaves the left (N Type) positive so eventually this prevents the depletion spreading any more. Applying negative to N type replaces the depleted carriers and the current resumes (Forward biased diode) Applying positive to the N type removes more electrons and increases the depletion. Almost no current flows. (Reverse biased diode)

The junction transistor


Emitter (-)
Electrons

Collector (+)

P
Base

Electrons are negative

(Original patent used point contact)

NPN Transistor circuits


Common base Emitter follower (common collector) Common emitter

Collector
Base

Emitter

A Planar NPN junction transistor

Collector

Base

Emitter

Types of Field Effect Transistors

There are Junction FETs (JFET) and Insulated gate FETs (IGFET)

There are many types of IGFET. Most common is the MOSFET: Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET.

An Insulated Gate FET


Source Gate Drain

NType Substrate P Type

Insulator Metal

Field Effect Transistors come in 4 forms


N Channel (as an NPN transistor or Valve) P Channel (as a PNP transistor) N and P channel each come as: Enhancement mode (just IGFET) Depletion mode (IGFET or JFET)

Transistor symbols
N type enhancement IGFET Drain Gate Source Gate N type Junction FET Drain Source Base Emitter NPN junction transistor

Collector

P type enhancement IGFET Gate Source Drain

P type Junction FET Gate Source Drain

PNP junction transistor

Emitter Base Collector

In an IC the substrate can be separate


P type enhancement N type enhancement

P type enhancement external substrate

N type enhancement external substrate

P type depletion

N type depletion

P type depletion external substrate

N type depletion external substrate

Insulated Gate Field Effect Transistor N Channel Enhancement mode


Source Gate Drain

NType Substrate P Type

Insulator Metal

N channel enhancement IGFET turned on


Source Gate + Drain

Channel NType Substrate P Type Insulator Metal

N enhance FET at Pinchoff


Source Gate + Drain +

Channel NType Substrate P Type Insulator Metal

N enhance FET beyond Pinchoff


Source Gate + Drain++

Channel NType Substrate P Type Insulator Metal

BSS 145 N channel enhancement FET output curves

Curve L = 10v gate Mostly resistive Curve A = 2.5v gate Mostly constant current (pinchoff)

N channel Depletion mode FET ON No gate bias


Source Gate Drain

Channel NType Substrate P Type Insulator Metal

N channel Depletion mode FET off


Source Gate Drain

NoChannel

NType Substrate P Type

Insulator Metal

An application: The SoftRock Receiver

FETs in the SoftRock Receiver


The I & Q generator uses 4 D type Flip Flops 74HC74 The dual I/Q Mixer uses an FST 3253 dual 4 way multiplexer switch

These all use logic circuits built with FETs

Lets look at basic logic

Logic circuits
By combining together enough NAND gates you can build anything digital. So that includes computers. (However some other bits may make life easier) We will look at how to make the Flip Flops used in the I / Q generator another time. So lets look at a CMOS NAND gate. Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET (We will add an inverter to make an AND gate too)

An AND gate (NAND + Inverter)

NAND
A B

AND

Simulated AND gate waveforms

AND
NAND

B A

NAND gate IC Layout

(From Wikimedia commons)

SoftRock Receiver

SoftRock Receiver
I
LO Inphase and Quadrature Generator

Mixers

RF Filter
(Balanced Output omitted)

IF Filters

Stereo Output

LTSpice model of SoftRock Receiver

LTSpice output of SoftRock model

Questions?

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