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Mcgraw-Hill Technology Education Mcgraw-Hill Technology Education

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61 views43 pages

Mcgraw-Hill Technology Education Mcgraw-Hill Technology Education

ppt

Uploaded by

Lokendra Agarwal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 43

McGraw-Hill Technology Education McGraw-Hill Technology Education

Copyright 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 6A

Types of Storage Devices

McGraw-Hill Technology Education

Copyright 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Describing Storage Devices


Store data when computer is off Two processes
Writing data Reading data

6A-3

Describing Storage Devices


Storage terms
Media is the material storing data Storage devices manage the media Magnetic devices use a magnet Optical devices use lasers Solid-state devices have physical switches

6A-4

Magnetic Storage Devices


Most common form of storage Hard drives, floppy drives, tape All magnetic drives work the same

6A-5

Magnetic Storage Devices


Floppy Disk

Hard Disk

Tape

6A-6

Magnetic Storage Devices


Data storage and retrieval
Media is covered with iron oxide Read/write head is a magnet Magnet writes charges on the media
Positive charge is a 1 Negative charge is a 0

Magnet reads charges Drive converts charges into binary

6A-7

Data Retrieval

6A-8

Magnetic Storage Devices


Data organization
Disks must be formatted before use Format draws tracks on the disk Tracks is divided into sectors
Amount of data a drive can read

6A-9

Tracks and Sectors

6A-10

Magnetic Storage Devices


Finding data on disk
Each track and sector is labeled
Some are reserved

Listing of where files are stored


File Allocation Table (FAT) FAT32 NTFS

Data is organized in clusters


Size of data the OS handles

6A-11

Magnetic Storage Devices


Diskettes
Also known as floppy disks Read with a disk drive Mylar disk Spin at 300 RPM Takes .2 second to find data 3 floppy disk holds 1.44 MB

6A-12

Magnetic Storage Devices


Hard disks
Primary storage device in a computer 2 or more aluminum platters Each platter has 2 sides Spin between 5,400 to 15,000 RPM Data found in 9.5 ms or less Drive capacity greater than 40 GB

6A-13

Illustrated Hard Disk

6A-14

Magnetic Storage Devices


Removable high capacity disks
Speed of hard disk Portability of floppy disk Several variants have emerged High capacity floppy disk
Stores up to 750 MB of data

Hot swappable hard disks


Provide GB of data Connect via USB

6A-15

Magnetic Storage Devices


Tape drives
Best used for
Infrequently accessed data Back-up solutions

Slow sequential access Capacity exceeds 200 GB

6A-16

Optical Storage Devices


CD-ROM
Most software ships on a CD Read using a laser
Lands, binary 1, reflect data Pits scatter data

Written from the inside out CD speed is based on the original


Original CD read 150 Kbps A 10 X will read 1,500 Kbps

Standard CD holds 650 MB


6A-17

Optical Storage Devices


DVD-ROM
Digital Video Disk Use both sides of the disk Capacities can reach 18 GB DVD players can read CDs

6A-18

Recordable Optical Technologies


CD Recordable (CD-R)
Create a data or audio CD Data cannot be changed Can continue adding until full

6A-19

Recordable Optical Technologies


CD Regrettable (CD-RW)
Create a reusable CD Cannot be read in all CD players Can reuse about 100 times

6A-20

Recordable Optical Technologies


Photo CD
Developed by Kodak Provides for photo storage Photos added to CD until full Original pictures cannot be changed

6A-21

Recordable Optical Technologies


DVD Recordable
Several different formats exist None are standardized Allows home users to create DVDs Cannot be read in all players

6A-22

Recordable Optical Technologies


DVD-RAM
Allow reusing of DVD media Not standardized Cannot be read in all players

6A-23

Solid State Devices


Data is stored physically No magnets or laser Very fast

6A-24

Solid State Devices


Flash memory
Found in cameras and USB drives Combination of RAM and ROM Long term updateable storage

6A-25

Solid State Devices


Smart cards
Credit cards with a chip Chip stores data Eventually may be used for cash Hotels use for electronic keys

6A-26

Solid State Devices


Solid-state disks
Large amount of SDRAM Extremely fast Volatile storage Require battery backups Most have hard disks copying data

6A-27

Chapter 6B

Measuring and Improving Drive Performance

McGraw-Hill Technology Education

Copyright 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Drive Performance
Average access time
Also known as seek time Time to find wanted data Measured in milliseconds Depends on two factors
RPM Revolutions per minute Time to access a track

Hard drive between 6 and 12 ms CD between 80 and 800 ms


6B-29

Drive Performance
Data transfer rate
How fast data can be read Measured in Bps or bps bits per second Hard drive ranges from 15 to 160 MBps CD ROMS depend on X factor
24x CD transfers 24 x 150 KBps

Floppy disks transfer at 45 KBps

6B-30

Data Transfer Rate

6B-31

Optimizing Performance
Disk optimization
Handled (process) by operating system tool Routine disk maintenance Optimization should be run monthly

6B-32

Optimizing Performance
Clean up unnecessary files
Delete temp files Uninstall unused programs Delete old data files Files should be cleaned weekly

6B-33

Optimizing Performance
Scan a disk for errors
Bad spots on the media Find and correct the error
Move data to a good spot Mark the spot as bad

Disks should be scanned monthly

6B-34

Optimizing Performance
Defragment partition a disk
Files fragment when resaved Fragmented files load slower Defragment some the fragments together Disks should be defragged monthly

6B-35

Defragment

6B-36

Optimizing Performance
File compression
Shrinks the size of a file Takes up less space on disk Reduce a disks performance Will increase disk capacity PKZip, WinZip and WinRAR

6B-37

File Compression

763 KB on disk

Compressed 157 KB

6B-38

Drive Interface Standards


Interface
How the device is connected Drive controllers allow transfer of data Dictates transfer rate and access time

6B-39

Drive Interface Standards


Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics
EIDE Generic term for drive controllers Several names
Fast IDE Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA)

Up to 2 devices per controller Most computers have 2 EIDE controllers

6B-40

Drive Interface Standards


Small Computer System Interface
SCSI Higher transfer rates than EIDE More than 40 devices per SCSI controller
Computers may have several SCSI controllers

Many versions exist


Versions are typically incompatible

Found in servers and workstations

6B-41

Drive Interface Standards


USB and FireWire
External drives Transfer rate is limited Many devices can be connected

6B-42

Chapter 6B

End of Chapter

McGraw-Hill Technology Education

Copyright 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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