Arabic

A noun (or a substantive) (Arabic: = a name") is a name or an attribute of a person (Muhammad / Ahmad), place (Makkah), thing (House), or quality (Honour).

Hazaa -
A type of preposition, means - This

This = used for masculine This = used for feminine These = used for both

Dual

These two = used for masculine

These two = used for feminine

Hazaa -
use a Masculine Word e.g. use a Feminine Word e.g. use any plural Word

Why is feminine? Answer: It has a at the end. So every word with at the end is a feminine word!

Maa

The word maa can mean several things in Arabic.: It can be an interrogative pronoun meaning "what?" It can be a relative pronoun meaning "what..." It can be a negative word meaning "not."

Maa In conclusion:

has many meanings depending on where it comes in a sentence and in what context. In our example it is: What is

Hamza Istafihaam -

can come before a noun or verb (preposition) If before a noun it would mean: is this? Or is this a.?

Or if before a verb then: did..?

M-an - and

in Arabic means who

in Arabic means and

Lesson 2 -

means That when indicating towards masculine objects So would mean what is that?

Lesson 2 -

So means: This And means: That

Examples

Lesson 3 - Sentences

We are now joining 2 words together to create a simple sentence

This sentence will be called: Jumlah Ismiyah (A noun sentence) It is called Ismiyah (noun) because the first word in these sentences begin with a noun

Lesson 3 - Sentences

So if the sentence begins with a verb, it would be called: Jumlah Faliyah (A verb Sentence) Conclusion: There can only ever be 2 types of sentances: Ismiyah and Faliyah! (Noun or verb Sentence)

An Example Jumlah Ismiyah

Doesnt matter what second word is. Noun / verb. Still a Jumlah Ismiyah.

The door is open.

1st word, Door is a noun = Ism. So this sentence is: Jumlah Ismiyah

Lets break this down.

First word: (The Door) Notice at the start? This is the definite Article. = The Door

An Example

The door is open. Second Word: ( Open) Notice there is no at the start? So we can use A definite Subject (The Door) and a non-definite predicate (open) together!

An Example

The door is open. Finally all Nouns (ism) end in 2 pesh (Dhammah), also known as Tanween. When there is a at the beginning of a word, then the tanween will no longer be there and a single harkaat would replace it: One pesh

An Example

(The man) is a (student)

This is the 1st word in the sentence. It is called: Mubtada

This is the 2nd word (last word) in the sentence. It is called

An Example

(The Masjid) is (close)

This is the 1st word in the sentence. It is called: Mubtada

This is the 2nd word in the sentence. It is called

always comes last. It is the last word in the sentence. News comes last.

Lesson 3 - Continued

Summary

Every letter ends in Tanween: 2 Pesh If is before the word: Tanween goes and one harkat comes on e.g. 1 Pesh

Lesson 4
In todays lesson we will see for the first time what changes the Harakaat of the last letter in a word! New Huroof today: In On He She Where

Continued
These Huroof change the word after it: In On
There Huroof do not change the word after it: He She Where

Continued
Puts a Majroor state (one/two Zer) on the last letter of next word: In On Doesnt affect anything: He She Where

An example
In the Masjid On the Table He is Ahmad She is Aisha Where is Muhammad

An example

Why has this got one kasra? And not two?

Why has this got two dhammah? And not one?

Why has this got one dhammah? And not two?

Lesson 4 continued

Genitive case

Nominative case

Lesson 4 Key Facts

In this lesson we learnt the use of prepositions
Some change the ending of a word (last harakaat, also known as Iraab e.g. Zabr, Zer, Pesh) and some do not change anything

The ones that change the Iraab are:

Zer Iraab Zer Iraab

Lesson 4 Key Facts

A word in its normal state (nominative case) i.e. Normal ending with a Pesh or 2 Pesh, is called A word preceded by a preposition is said to be in a genitive case i.e. Not a normal ending, but ending with a Zer. This state is called

Lesson 4 Key Facts

Nominative case

Genitive case

Lesson 4 Key Facts

because

Nominative case

because Genitive case

Lesson 4 Key Facts

Conclusion:

A word with no preposition and/or ends in one pesh or two pesh is called: A word with a preposition before it and/or ends in one Zer or two Zer is called:

Lesson 4 Key Facts

We also learnt some new pronouns: Me (Same for both masculine and feminine) You (one male) From To

1. 2. 3. 4.

Lesson 4 Key Facts

Verbs
Last lesson we were introduced to out first Verbs (doing word).
1.
2.

Kha-ra-ja He Exited Zha-ha-ba He Went

Notice: He? This particular verb can only be used for a single person who is male and not present

Lesson 4 Key Facts

So the verb Kha-ra-ja would grammatically be described as: Single Male Not present In Arabic this would be termed as follows: Waahid Muzakar Ghaaib
(learn these 3 terms by heart please)

Lesson 4 Key Facts

Lesson 4 Key Facts

Lesson 4 Key Facts

Lesson 4 Key Facts

Lesson 5
Possession Muhammads Book
1.

The book belongs to Muhammad. So first lets write the Arabic for each word

2.

Lesson 5
Possession
Muhammads Book or Book of Muhammad

Lesson 5
Possession

Muhammads Book =

Lesson 5
Possession Muhammads Book

What can you see different in this? Notice the Iraab? One pesh + Two Zer?

Lesson 5
Possession Muhammads Book

Lets break this down: Firstly what state is Kitaab in? What state is Muhammad in?

Lesson 5
Possession Muhammads Book
1.

Why does Kitaab have only one pesh? There is no Alif Laam.? Why does Muhammad have a Two Zer? There is no Preposition

2.

Lesson 5
Possession Muhammads Book

This is because of a Grammar Law in Arabic, which is:

The Possessed object can not take a Tanween and also cant take a . It is definite by position. Does not need definite article.

Lesson 5
Possession Muhammads Book

This is because of a Grammar Law in Arabic, which is:

The possessor is always Majroor by default. This indicates it is possessed.

Lesson 5
Possession Muhammads Book

Mudhaf Ilaihi

Mudhaaf

Lesson 5

( al-idhaafah) is a relationship between two nouns with a hidden particle of Jarr (like fee, min, alaa or ilaa)

The first noun is called (Mudhaaf) and the second noun is called (Mudhaaf ilaih).

Lesson 5
Important facts about al-Idaafah:
1. 2.

3.

4.

5.

The mudaaf cannot take alif-laam The mudaaf cannot take tanween (whereas the mudaaf ilayhi can) The default state for the mudaaf is that it takes a (single) dhammah The mudaaf ilayhi will [99% of the time] always take a kasrah A preposition has been omitted - Hidden

Lesson 5
New Words: Vocative particle O

A noun following has only one Dhammah.

Under. A noun following is because it is Mudhaaf Ilaihi.

Lesson 5

New Word: there

Lesson 5

New Word: Under

An Example

(We) are (in the houses)

This is the 1st word in the sentence. It is called: Mubtada

This is the 2nd word and 3rd word in the sentence. Together they make up the

This is because it is preposition (Huroof Jar) and a following noun (which is Majroor). And a Harf will always join its following noun to be a single part of a sentence.

An Example

(Name of The Man) is (Muhammad)

This is the 1st word in the sentence. It is called: Mubtada

? But last word This is the 2nd word. Is it so what is it? Answer: part of is

3rd word in the

sentence.

This is because it is Mudaaf and Mudaaf Ilai! And Mudaaf + Mudaaf Ilai will always be a single part of a sentence!

An Example

Lets go back to our last example: (We) are (in) (the houses)

An Example

Very Important Rule:

The 1. (Mudaaf + Mudaaf Ilai) and the 2. (Harf Jar + noun) will always join together to become either a Mubtada or a Khabr.
This means, that although they are 2 words, we treat them as one section of a sentence!

Summary

How do you whether a word is a Mubtada and not a Mudaaf? Answer: If the 1st word has before it, it can never be Mudaaf!

So it will be a Mubtadaa

Summary

Example:

In this sentence, what harakaat is on each word?

Summary
1.

Hazaa: Doesnt do anything

2.

Al-walad: it has so it cant be Mudaaf! So it will have one pesh Khaalid: Well if the word before is not a Mudaaf, then this will be a normal word and have 2 pesh

3.

Summary
Translation
Haza: This Al-Walad: The Boy Khalid: Is Khalid Wa: and Dhaalika: That Al-Walad: The boy Muhammad: Is Muhammad This boy is Khalid and that boy is Muhammad

Lesson 6

Body Parts: All body parts that we have two of are all feminine e.g. Feet, Hands etc

Lesson 7
To form a feminine word from the masculine in Arabic, you simply add taa marbuta which looks like: or depending on the word its connected to. Usually for animals, humans and professions.

Lesson 7
( dog feminine) ( child feminine) ( engineer feminine)
Its possible also for most adjectives & some other nouns:

( friend feminine) ( sad feminine) ( big feminine)

Lesson 7

However not all animals or humans masculines can take a taa marbuta ( , (in their feminine form, for example: ( Lioness) ( girl)

Lesson 7
Summary
In Arabic, words are either masculine or feminine, so anything you may think of should take either feminine or masculine form. Now you can recognize if a word is feminine or masculine by its ending. However, some words are only feminine, for example: ( story) ( tree) ( newspaper) ( ball) ( lake)

Lesson 7
Of course there are exceptions, which we will learn as our vocabulary improves: ( sky) ( wind)

Lesson 8
means for (harf Jar) means behind (Mudaaf) means infront (Mudaaf)

Lesson 8
When the Al-Musharu Ilaihi has an before it then the translation changes!

This is a Masjid This Masjid

Lesson 9

We learnt that when the Al-Musharu Ilaihi has an before it then the translation changes!

This is a Masjid

This Masjid

Lesson 9

This also applies to Nat and Manoot. Nat = Adjective (describing word) Manoot = Noun (a person, place, thing, idea etc)

Lesson 9
As a General Rule:

If there is NO on the adjective (describing word), the translation would include the word is

If there is an present, then there is no is

Lesson 9 - Continued

The rule of Nat (describing word) and Manoot (noun) does not apply to proper nouns e.g. Names

= Abaas is a Merchant

Lesson 9 - Continued

An Example:

What does this translate to?

Lesson 9 - Continued

An Example:

Abbas is a Rich Merchant

Nat & Manoot

Lesson 9 - Continued

Adjectives ending in alif and noon have no tanween e.g.

Lesson 9 - Continued
Means Who when applied to
humans and Which when referred to an animal or thing.

Lesson 9 - Continued
has a feminine / Dual / Plural
version - Like .

This particular version is for: Single Masculine

Lesson 10
English Arabic

I
you (masc.) Singular you (fem.) he she we Dual You two Them two We you (masc.) Plural you (fem.) They / them (masc.) they / them (fem.)

(ana) (anta)
(anti) (huwwa) (heyya) (naHnu) (antuma) (humaa) (naHnu) (antum) (antunna) (huma) (hunna)

Lesson 10
Sub Lesson 9 The words " father" and " brother" take the form and when it is Mudaaf

Lesson 10
Sub Lesson 9 The pronoun when it proceeds a pronoun it will have a fatha on it

Lesson 10
Sub Lesson 9 The Male proper nouns with a will not have a tanween.

Lesson 10
Sub Lesson 9 The word means With and generally has a Fathah on the last letter . It is always Mudaaf, therefore the following word will be Mudaaf Ilaihi.

Lesson 10
Sub Lesson 9 The preposition can mean With, in, and at

Lesson 10
Sub Lesson 9 means what as stated in lesson 1. But it can also have a negative meaning i.e. There is no car with me

Lesson 11
In him (masculine object: In it)

In her (feminine object: In it)

Lesson 12
You (feminine) Possessive nouns:

Lesson 12 Possessive pronouns

English my your (masc.) Singular your (fem.) his her Arabic

our
Dual your their

our
Plural your (masc.) your (fem.) their (masc.)

Lesson 12 - Pronouns
English Arabic

I
you (masc.) Singular you (fem.) he she we Dual You two Them two We you (masc.) Plural you (fem.) They / them (masc.) they / them (fem.)

(ana) (anta)
(anti) (huwwa) (heyya) (naHnu) (antuma) (humaa) (naHnu) (antum) (antunna) (huma) (hunna)

Lesson 12 verbs
English I wrote you (masc.) wrote Singular you (fem.) wrote he wrote she wrote Arabic (katabtu( (katabta) (katabti) (kataba( (katabat)

Lesson 13
In English adjectives have no plural form e.g. Good Man / Good Men But in Arabic even adjectives have plural forms!

Lesson 13
In English we have two kinds of plural form:
1. 2.

Sound: Book Books Broken: Man Men

Lesson 13
In Arabic we also have sound and broken forms. However, the sound plural is either masculine or feminine. (Just like the singular).

Lesson 13
Masculine example: Feminine Example: So to make a sound plural: 1. Masculine: add a 2. Feminine: take away the and add

Lesson 13
The broken plural has many forms. There are more than 20 patterns for the broken plurals!

Lesson 13

Revision

Harf Jar Following word Mudaaf + Mudaaf Ilahi (translation of) Nat + Manoot (no translation of is) Plurals Sound or Broken

Lesson 14
In this lesson we continue from the last lesson in showing the plural of certain nouns and verbs

Lesson 14
Sub Lesson 1 We have so far learnt that some nouns cant take tanween e.g.Names 1. Feminine proper nouns 2. Masculine proper nouns ending in

Lesson 14
Sub Lesson 2 Now we learn that non-Arabic nouns which are more than 3 letters also cannot take tanween e.g. Not

Lesson 14
Sub Lesson 3 means which

It is mudaaf

Lesson 14
Sub Lesson 4 means some

It is also mudaaf

Lesson 15
Sub Lesson 1 means some means Before

Lesson 15
Sub Lesson 2 both have a Fathah upno + them except:

When they are preceded by in this case they will have a Kasrah When the Mudaaf ilahi is hidden in words

Lesson 16
In Arabic, nouns are classified as Rational and irrational (intelligent, non-intelligent). Rational nouns are those that refer to Human beings. Angels and devils are also included this category.

Irrational nouns refer to animals and concepts/objects.

Lesson 16 / 17
Plural of irrational nouns are treated as feminine singular e.g. Rational . . Irrational . .

Lesson 18
Dual Form
As previously stated, in Arabic we have a dual form of everything along with the singular and plural. The dual form (as we know) is achieved by adding a at the end of the word.

Lesson 18
Sub lesson 1 Dual Form is added when the singular form is However, when singular form is in a state of or then a is added

Lesson 18
Dual Form

or

Lesson 18
The dual for would be and when e.g.

Lesson 18
and would be The dual for when e.g.

Lesson 18
Sub lesson 2 The dual form of and is

Lesson 18
Sub lesson 3 How many? has many meanings. Here it is interrogative.

Lesson 18
Sub lesson 3 The noun following is singular and in case. This means it will have a Zabr / 2 Zabr on it.

This is our first example of nouns ending in Zabr(s).

Lesson 18
Sub lesson 4 A noun with a tanween which is in case will have a Alif added to the last which is NOT pronounced.

Note: There will be no alif added if it ends in

Lesson 18
Sub lesson 4 e.g.