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Soil Stiffness

This document discusses methods for determining soil stiffness parameters for use in computational geotechnics models. It describes performing triaxial and oedometer tests on sand to determine modulus of elasticity (E) values, with typical ranges provided (e.g. loose sand E = 150p^3, dense sand E = 500p^3). It also discusses determining E for clays from undrained triaxial tests and correlating it to undrained shear strength. The idealized elastic, linear elastic, and elastoplastic stress-strain models are introduced for soils. Examples are provided on selecting E values for finite element analyses based on laboratory test data and correlations.

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Muhamad Hassan
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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
612 views24 pages

Soil Stiffness

This document discusses methods for determining soil stiffness parameters for use in computational geotechnics models. It describes performing triaxial and oedometer tests on sand to determine modulus of elasticity (E) values, with typical ranges provided (e.g. loose sand E = 150p^3, dense sand E = 500p^3). It also discusses determining E for clays from undrained triaxial tests and correlating it to undrained shear strength. The idealized elastic, linear elastic, and elastoplastic stress-strain models are introduced for soils. Examples are provided on selecting E values for finite element analyses based on laboratory test data and correlations.

Uploaded by

Muhamad Hassan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Short Course on Computational Geotechnics + Dynamics Boulder, Colorado January 5-8, 2004
Stein Sture Professor of Civil Engineering University of Colorado at Boulder

Contents
General concepts and stiffness of sand
Hookes law E-moduli from triaxial testing E-moduli from oedometer testing Examples on the estimation of E

Stiffness of clays
Undrained clay behavior Drained clay behavior Examples on the estimation of E
Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Idealized and real stressstrain behavior of soils

Idealized types of stress-strain behaviors: (a) nonlinear elastic Model, (b) linear elastic model, and (c) elastoplastic model

Computational Geotechnics

Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Idealized and real stressstrain behavior of soils

Various types of elastoplastic behaviors: (a) strain hardening, (b) perfectly plastic, (c) strain softening, and (d) combination of a to c .
Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Hookes Law of Isotropic Elasticity

Computational Geotechnics

Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Hookes Law of Isotropic Elasticity

Computational Geotechnics

Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Standard Drained Triaxial Test on Sand

Computational Geotechnics

Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Standard Drained Triaxial Test on Sand

Computational Geotechnics

Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Oedometer Test on Sand

Computational Geotechnics

Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Oedometer Test on Sand

Computational Geotechnics

Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Oedometer Test on Sand


Hooke:

1 + 2 E= (1 2 ) Eoed Eoed 1 3

( =1 ) 3

Loose:

E 2 150 ref p 3
E 2 500 ref p 3

y ref p
y ref p
Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Dense:

Computational Geotechnics

Oedometer Test on Sand


'y = 'x
K 0 2 'x
x x E 2 150 2 150 p ref 3 p ref p ref

Loose:

Dense:

x x E 2 500 2 500 ref ref ref p 3 p p

This implies:
Computational Geotechnics

E E 5 0
Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Summary on Stiffness Parameters: Sand (Laboratory based experience)


2 E=E E 5 0 o e d 3

=1 3
' x re f

Loose:

E =1 5 0 re f p p

E=E

ref

'x
pref

5M P a Loose: E=1

'x
r e f p

Dense: E =5 0 0 re f p p
r e f p = 1 0 0 k P a
Computational Geotechnics

' x re f

0M P a Dense: E=5

'x
re f p

Unloading: About 4 times stiffer. small


Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Selection of Moduli for FEM-Computation


Example 1 (loading):

Layer 1 (extremely loose sand Mohr-Coulomb model: Layer 1: Average


/ 7 0 k P a y
0

r e f E 1 5 M P a 5 0=

' 5 0 k P a y=

' 9 5 k P a y=

' 5 0 k P a x

E = 1 5 0 0 0 0 . 5 1 0 0 0 0 k P a 5 0
Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Selection of Moduli for FEM-Computation


Example 2 (unloading):

Layer 1 (dense): Unloading:

r e f E 4 5 M P a 5 0=

Layer 3 (medium): for both layers

r e f E 3 0 M P a 5 0=

ref ref Eur 4 E50 , 0.15

Mohr-Coulomb model: Layer 1:


' ' ' = 2 + 1 . 5 = 5 5 k P a 2 7 . 5 k P a y x
7 . 5 E = 4 4 5 0 0 02 9 5 0 0 0 k P a 1 0 0

Layer 3:
Computational Geotechnics

' 1 0 k P a x

E = 4 30000 0.10 38000kPa


Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Eoed from Cone Penetration Test in Sands


Cone Resistance:

qc

Correlation: E q o e d c Literature NC-Sand: = 1 to 3 Vermeers Experience: = 3 Alternatively: Eoed = (30 10) qc p ref

Computational Geotechnics

Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Undrained Triaxial Test on Clay

Normally consolidated clay: Cu = undrained shear strength (or Su)


Computational Geotechnics

1 5 0 0 0 C 5 0 u E = u Ip%
5 0 E 3 G u = 5 0
Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Idealized and real stress-strain behavior of soils

Computational Geotechnics

Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Idealized and real stress-strain behavior of soils

Computational Geotechnics

Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Plate Loading Tests

Duncan & Buchignani (1976)


Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Plate Loading Tests

Computational Geotechnics

Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Summary on Stiffness Parameters: Clay Undrained Conditions

Do not use empirical relationships only. Get good quality experimental data from lab tests, cone penetration tests and vane tests

Computational Geotechnics

Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Drained Behavior for Clays

Computational Geotechnics

Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Drained Behavior for Clays

Computational Geotechnics

Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

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