MODULAR CO-ORDINATION

IN MODULAR COORDINATION, THE BASIC MODULE IS TO BE ADOPTED. MODULAR COORDINATION :

It is a concept of coordination of dimension and space, in which buildings and components are dimensioned and positioned in a term of a basic unit or module.

THESE RULES RELATE TO THE FOLLOWING BASIC ELEMENTS: 1. 2. THE PLANNING GRID IN BOTH DIRECTIONS OF THE HORIZONTAL PLAN SHALL BE: 15 M FOR INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS, 3M FOR OTHER BUILDINGS THE PLANNING MODULE IN THE VERTICAL DIRECTION SHALL BE 2 M FOR INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 1 M FOR OTHER BUILDINGS. PREFERRED INCREMENTS FOR CILL HEIGHTS, DOORS, WINDOWS AND OTHER FENESTRATIONS SHALL BE 1 M. IN CASE OF INTERNAL COLUMNS, THE GRIDLINE SHOULD COINCIDE WITH THE CENTRE LINES OF COLUMNS. IN CASE OF EXTERNAL COLUMNS & COLUMNS NEAR THE LIFT AND STAIRWELLS, THE GRIDLINES SHALL COINCIDE WITH CENTRE LINES OF THE COLUMN IN THE TOPMOST STOREY.

COMPONENTS
THE PREFERRED DIMENTIONS OF PRECAST ELEMENTS SHALL BE AS FOLLOWS: FLOORING AND ROOFING SCHEME:- PRECAST SLABS AND OTHER STRUCTURAL ROOFING UNITS:

LENGTH:- NOMINAL LENGTH SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 1M. WIDTH:- NOMINAL WIDTH SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 0.5 M ; & OVERALL THICKNESS:- OVERALL THICKNESS SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 0.1 M.

BEAMS

LENGTH:- NOMINAL LENGTH SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 1 M. WIDTH:- NOMINAL WIDTH SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 0.1 M ; & OVERALL DEPTH:- OVERALL DEPTH OF THE FLOOR ZONE SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 0.1 M.

COLUMNS

HEIGHT:- HEIGHT OF COLUMN FOR INDUSTRIAL AND OTHER BUILDINGS 1 M ; & LATERAL DIMENSIONS:- OVERALL LATERAL DIMENSIONS OR DIAMETER OF COLUMNS SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 0.1 M.

WALLS

THICKNESS:- NOMINAL THICKNESS OF WALL SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 0.1 M.

STAIRCASE:

WIDTH:- NOMINAL WIDTH SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 1 M .

LINTEL

LENGTH:- NOMINAL LENGTH SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 1 M. WIDTH:- NOMINAL WIDTH SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 0.1 M ; & DEPTH:- DEPTH OF THE FLOOR ZONE SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 0.1 M.

SUNSHADES/CHAJJA PROJECTIONS

LENGTH:- NOMINAL LENGTH SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 1 M ; & PROJECTION:- NOMINAL LENGTH SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 0.5 M.

PREFABRICATION SYSTEMS
THE WORD SYSTEM IS REFERRED TO A PARTICULAR METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS USING THE PREFABRICATED COMPONENTS WHICH ARE INTER-RELATED IN FUNCTIONS AND ARE PRODUCED TO A SET OF INSTRUCTIONS.

THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS, AMONG OTHERS, ARE TO BE CONSIDERED IN DEVISING A SYSTEM:

1. 2. 3. EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF SPACES ; STRAIGHT AND SIMPLE WALLING SCHEME ; LIMITED SIZES AND NUMBERS OF COMPONENTS ;

PREFABRICATION SYSTEMS
LIMITED OPENINGS IN BEARING WALLS ; REGULATED LOCATIONS OF PARTITIONS ; STANDARDIZED SERVICE AND STAIR UNITS ; LIMITED SIZES OF DOORS AND WINDOWS WITH REGULATED POSITIONS ; STRUCTURAL CLARITY AND EFFICIENCY ; SUITABILITY FOR ADOPTION IN LOW RISE AND HIGH RISE BUILDINGS ; EASE OF MANUFACTURING, STORING AND TRANSPORTING ; SPEED AND EASE OF ERECTION ; SIMPLE JOINTING SYSTEM .

THE EXTENT OF PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION DEPENDS ON THE EXTENT OF THE USE OF PREFABRICATED COMPONENTS, THEIR MATERIALS, SIZES AND THE TECHNIQUE ADOPTED FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE AND USE IN BUILDINGS

TYPES OF PREFABRICATION COMPONENTS

WALLING UNITS. ROOFING & FLOORING UNITS. MISLLANEOUS.

TYPES OF PREFABRICATION COMPONENTS

WALLING UNITS:REINFORCED/PRESTRESSED CONCRETE COLUMNS. REINFORCED/PRESTRESSED CONCRETE WALL ELEMENTS. LARGE PANEL FABRICATORS. PREFABRICATED BRICK PANEL UNIT. ROOFING & FLOORING UNITS:REINFORCED CONCRETE WAFFLE SLAB/SHELLS.

REINFORCED/PRESTRESSED CONCRETE SLAB UNITS.

REINFORCED/PRESTRESSED CONCRETE HOLLOW CORE SLAB. PRECAST JOISTS AND PLANKS FOR FLOORING AND ROOFING. PRECAST JOISTS AND TRUSSED GIRDERS. PRECAST LINTELS AND CHAJJAS. REINFORCED/PRESTRESSED CONCRETE TRUSSES. REINFORCED/PRESTRESSED ROOF PURLINS.

MISLLANEOUS:REINFORCED/PRESTRESSED CONCRETE CHANNEL UNIT.

TYPES OF PREFABRICATION COMPONENTS

MISLLANEOUS:REINFORCED/PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS. HOLLOW/SOLID BLOCKS AND BATTENS. LIGHT WEIGHT/CELLULAR CONCRETE SLABS. PRECAST CONCRETE L-PANEL UNIT. PREFABRICATED BRICK PANEL UNIT. PREFABRICATED SANDWICHED CONCRETE PANEL, & PRECAST FOUNDATION

THERE MAY BE OTHER TYPES OF COMPONENTS WHICH MAY BE USED WITH THE APPROVAL OF THE AUTHORITY.
THERE ARE TWO CATEGORIES OF OPEN PREFAB SYSTEM DEPENDING ON THE EXTENT OF PREFABRICATION USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION PARTIAL PREFABRICATION SYSTEM: THIS SYSTEM IS BASICALLY USES PRECAST ROOFING AND FLOORING COMPONENTS AND OTHER MINOR ELEMENTS LIKE CHAJJAS, KITCHEN CILLS IN CONVENTIONAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION. THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM COULD BE IN THE FORM OF IN-SITU FRAMEWORK OR LOAD BEARING WALLS. FULL PREFABRICATION SYSTEMS: IN THIS SYSTEM ALMOST ALL THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS ARE PREFABRICATED. THE FILLER WALLS MAY BE OF BRICK/BLOCK MASONRY OR OF ANY OTHER LOCALLY AVAILABLE MATERIAL.

Depending on the extend of prefabrication this system can be full prefab system & partial prefab system. PRECAST WALLS Based on structural functions can be Load bearing Non load bearing Shear walls. Based on construction can be Homogeneous walls could be solid, hollow or ribbed; and Non homogeneous walls composite or sandwich panels. Based on location & function can be External walls may be load bearing or non load bearing. Internal walls resistance against vertical / horizontal loads, fire,etc.

WALLING UNITS

PRECAST FLOORS Based on composition, can be Homogeneous floors could be solid, cored, waffled or ribbed;

Non homogeneous floors multilayered with combination of light weight concrete or reinforced / prestressed concrete, with filler blocks .

Based on the way load transferred, One way system transfers loads to supporting members in one direction only.

E.g channel slabs, hollow core slabs, channels & ties system.
Two way system imparting loads on the four edges. E.g. two way ribbed or waffle slab.

STAIRCASE SYSTEMS Consist of single flights with inbuilt risers and treads. Flights are normally unidirectional transferring loads to supporting landing.
Metal balusters-

Plastic-coated embossed black chromium-plated 2.5 cm in diameter:

STANDARD STAIRCASE COMPONENT TO RISE 2660 MM

LAYOUTS OF SOME TYPICAL STAIRCASE UNITS

BOX TYPE SYSTEM

Room sizes are prefabricated and erected on site.

Toilet and kitchen blocks could be prefabricated and erected at site.
PREFABRICATED UNITS BEING ASSEMBLED ON SITE MODULAR OFFICE MADE UPOF USING PREFABRICATED UNITS

A MODULAR HOUSING UNIT

GRID MODULAR COORDINATION A module can be defined as a basic dimension which could for example form the basis of a planning grid in terms of multiples and submultiples of the standard module. TYPICAL MODULAR COORDINATED PLANNING GRID: Let M = the standard module

Structural Grid used to locate structural components such as beams and columns. Planning Grid based on any convenient modular multiple for regulating space requirements such as rooms.

Controlling Grid based on any convenient modular multiple for location of internal walls, partitions dc.
Basic Module Grid used for detail location of components and fittings. All the above grids, being based on a basic module, are contained one within the other and are therefore interrelated. These grids can be used in both the horizontal and vertical planes thus forming a three dimensional grid system. If a first preference numerical value is given to M dimensional coordination is established. DIMENSIONAL COORDINATION The practical aims of this concept are to : 1. Size components so as to avoid the wasteful process of cutting and fitting on site

2. Obtain maximum economy in the production of components. 3. Reduce the need for the manufacture of special sizes. 4. Increase the effective choice of components by the promotion of interchangeability. BS 6570 specifics the increments of size for coordinating dimensions of building components thus : Preference 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Size (mm) 300 100 50 25 the 3rd and 4th preference having a maximum of 300mm Dimensional Grids - the modular grid network defines the space into which dimensionally coordinated components must fit. An important factor is that the component must always be undersized to allow for the joint which is sized by the obtainable degree of tolerance and site assembly :

CONTROLLING LINES, ZONES AND CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS These terms can be defined by example

CONSIDERATIONS TAKEN IN COMPONENTS PLANNING

Modular co-ordination

Repetition
Component weight Standardization Design Integration of components

Economical
Higher productivity Hassle free construction Quality housing Environmental friendly

Integration of other building services

MODULAR CO-ORDINATION
. MODULAR GRID

Storey height = 2.8m Maintain consistency in components height HORIZONTAL GRID DIMENSION Maintain the same except at living room for different unit types

REPETITION
FAADE - clean & simple height faade

- identical throughout the overall height with slight modification at the wall junction at some floors for architectural treatment.

COMPONENT WEIGHT
WALL Numerous large wall panels.
Length of wall range . from 1.5m to 9.8m

Use hollow core wall concept -reduce the weight -reduce no of components
Max hollow core wall length = 5.5m (weight 5.8 tons)

HOUSEHOLD SHELTER

CASE I SINGLE UNIT

Component 1 Weight = 3 tons Repetition = 302

Component 2

Weight = 8 tons Repetition Base = 224 Modify = 78

TYPES OF PRECAST COMPONENTS

TYPICAL FLOOR 1 2 3 Beam Duct Faade Ring ABOVE ROOF Ferrocement roofing slab Plank water tank Roof fascia

4 Household shelter

5
6

Partition
Plank

Screen wall
Water tank beam Water tank stump

7 Prefab bathroom 8 9 10 Refuse chute Staircase flight Wall

STANDARDIZATION
. Structural member . . . . . PRECAST PRESTRESSED PLANKS . Standard width : 0.4, 1.0 & 2.4m . Additional width : 0.8 & 1.5m Slab - 150, 175 & 200mm thk Beam - 300 x 450, 500 & 600mm Wall - 300mm thk

Non-structural member
. Faade - 100mm thk . Infill wall - 100mm thk . Partition wall - 75mm thk

. Thickness : 70mm for 150thk slab 90mm for 175thk slab 110mm for 200thk slab

. PRECAST HOLLOW CORE WALL Standardized core size = 500mm Standardized end details Standardized the mesh details in the core wall skin

DESIGN
FLOOR SLAB SYSTEM Unprop plank Cast in situ reinforced structural topping

WALL JOINT Wall to wall Standardized reinforcement and castellated profiles Loop and dowel bar connection

Wall to faade No external formwork Loop and stitch bar connection

WATERPROOFING OF HORIZONTAL JOINT