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    Prepared by Anjuchandran Final Year Part1

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    Vincia Paul
    The mandible is the largest facial bone and undergoes significant postnatal growth. It consists of several processes including the body, ramus, condyle, and coronoid process. Prenatal growth occurs through intramembraneous ossification, while postnatal growth is greatest during childhood and adolescence. Several theories explain mandibular growth including genetic influences, cartilage growth, and functional matrix responses. Key growth sites include the condyle, ramus, lingual tuberosity, and alveolar process. Internal and external rotations also influence mandibular morphology. Understanding normal growth patterns is important for orthodontics and treating abnormalities.

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    Prepared by Anjuchandran Final Year Part1

    Uploaded by

    Vincia Paul
    173 views45 pages
    The mandible is the largest facial bone and undergoes significant postnatal growth. It consists of several processes including the body, ramus, condyle, and coronoid process. Prenatal growth occurs through intramembraneous ossification, while postnatal growth is greatest during childhood and adolescence. Several theories explain mandibular growth including genetic influences, cartilage growth, and functional matrix responses. Key growth sites include the condyle, ramus, lingual tuberosity, and alveolar process. Internal and external rotations also influence mandibular morphology. Understanding normal growth patterns is important for orthodontics and treating abnormalities.

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    post natal growth of mandible

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    mandibular growth

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    The mandible is the largest facial bone and undergoes significant postnatal growth. It consists of several processes including the body, ramus, condyle, and coronoid process. Prenatal growth occurs through intramembraneous ossification, while postnatal growth is greatest during childhood and adolescence. Several theories explain mandibular growth including genetic influences, cartilage growth, and functional matrix responses. Key growth sites include the condyle, ramus, lingual tuberosity, and alveolar process. Internal and external rotations also influence mandibular morphology. Understanding normal growth patterns is important for orthodontics and treating abnormalities.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    173 views45 pages

    Prepared by Anjuchandran Final Year Part1

    Uploaded by

    Vincia Paul
    The mandible is the largest facial bone and undergoes significant postnatal growth. It consists of several processes including the body, ramus, condyle, and coronoid process. Prenatal growth occurs through intramembraneous ossification, while postnatal growth is greatest during childhood and adolescence. Several theories explain mandibular growth including genetic influences, cartilage growth, and functional matrix responses. Key growth sites include the condyle, ramus, lingual tuberosity, and alveolar process. Internal and external rotations also influence mandibular morphology. Understanding normal growth patterns is important for orthodontics and treating abnormalities.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 45

    PREPARED BY: ANJUCHANDRAN FINAL YEAR PART1

    INTRODUCTION

    Mandible is the largest of the facial bones and is the only movable bone in the craniofacial region

    It undergoes the largest amount of growth postnatally and also exhibits the largest variability in morphology

    Mandible consists of the following microskeletal units


    Body Ramus Condyle

    Coronoid

    process Angular process Lingual tuberosity Alveolar process Chin

    GROWTH OF MANDIBLE
    PRENATAL GOWTH

    POSTNATAL GROWTH

    PRENATAL GROWTH
    1st structure to develop in the primordium of lower jaw :Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve.

    Prior presence of nerve induce osteogenesis by production of neurotrophic factors

    The

    ossification of an osteogenic membrane formed at around 36-38 days of IU life. single ossification centre for each half of mandible arises in the 6th week of IU life. acceleration of growth b/w 8th &12th week of foetal life. resulting intramembraneous bone lies lateral to Meckels Cartilage of 1st arch.

    Marked

    The

    Growth

    continues around the meckels cartilage until its posterior aspect is covered by bone.

    Ossification

    stops at this point which later becomes mandibular lingula.

    Mandible at week of IU life

    th 36

    POSTNATAL GROWTH

    Completes by 20 yrs of age.

    3 PERIODS OF GROWTH;
    Infancy[1st year of life] Childhood[1-13 yrs] Adolescence[13-20yrs]

    #Postnatal growth results in the metamorphosis of the rudimentary structure seen at birth to the full-fledged and multifunctional adult form #At birth, mandible is composed of two small U shaped bars, separated by a thin line of fibrocartilage and connective tissue at the midline of symphysis,rami are quite short,condylar development is minimal and there is practically no articular eminence

    Pattern of growth
    SCAMMONS
    200%

    GROWTH CURVE
    Lymphoid

    Neural

    100%
    Maxillary Mandibular General Genital

    Birth

    10 Years

    20 Years

    Cephalo caudal gradient of growth


    Axis

    of increased growth from head towards mandible.

    Explains

    maxilla.

    why mandible grows more than

    Concept of mandibular growth


    1st

    concept- cranium reference point & chin moves downwards & forwards. staining experiments-posterior ramus ,cornoid & condyle as growth sites. concept- mandible is translated downward n forward&in response to this it grows upward & backward to maintain contact with skull

    Vital

    Correct

    How postnatal growth occurs?

    1.
    2.

    Explained by; Theories of growth Growth rotations

    Genetic theory
    Intrinsic

    genetic stimulus in bone cause mandibular growth. of jaw shape from parents. JAW the prognathic mandible of german royal family

    Inheritance

    HAPSBURG

    Cartilagenous theory
    By

    SICHER & WIENMANN mandible as diaphysis of long

    Visualize

    bone bent into horse shoe shape with epiphysis removed with condyles representing epiphseal plates.

    Condylar cartilage as Growth Centre.

    Transplantation

    condyles dosent have innate growth potential.


    Thus

    experiments proved

    condylar growth is regional adaptive growth.

    Hence

    centre.

    CONDYLE as growth site not

    FUNCTIONAL MATRIX THEORY


    Niether

    bone nor cartilage as growth determinents. grows in response to functional needs & is mediated by soft tissue surrounding. growth at condyles and appositional at other surfaces is in response to growth of adjacent muscles & expansion of orofacial capsule causing mandible to translate in space.

    Mandible

    Endochondral

    E XPANDINGV PRINCIPLE

    RAMUS
    It

    moves more posteriorly by combination of deposition and resorption: resorption at anterior border deposition at posterior border

    On growing the two rami also diverges outward from below to above thus increasing the superior inter-ramus distance;creating a V SHAPE. Hence mandibular growth can also be explained with ENLOWS EXPANDING V PRINCIPLE.

    EXPANDING V

    CORPUS / BODY OF THE MANDIBLE


    Body

    lengthens by conversion of the former ramal bone into its posterior part
    at the posterior surface of lingual tuberosity and contiguous lingual side of the ramus also account for a small increase in the length of the body

    Deposition

    Deposition

    occurs also at the outer surface of the body and also around the mandibular canal

    THE CORONOID PROCESS


    Growth

    at coronoid is best explained using the expanding V principle Condyle has a propeller - like twist ,o its lingual side faces 3 general directions all at once : posteriorly , superiorly and medially at lingual surface results in a superior growth movement because the surface faces superiorly. Deposition also carries the base of coronoid and anterior part

    Deposition

    Since

    the lingual surface also faces posteriorly, deposition t this surface brings about a posteriorly directed growth movement
    side has a resorptive surface an faces away from the medial , superior and posterior directions of growth notch grows superiorly by deposition on the lingual side and resorption from the buccal side

    Buccal

    Sigmoid

    ANGLE OF THE MANDIBLE


    Lingual

    side : deposition - anterosuperior resorption - posteroinferior

    Buccal

    side : deposition - posteroinferior resorption - anterosuperior

    As

    a result , angle flares out as age advances

    LINGUAL TUBEROSITY

    A major growth site of mandible

    Deposition at the posterior facing surface with a resultant posterior growth movement .This also helps in lengthening of the body

    It

    grows more prominent by deposition at the medial surface prominence is accentuated by a large resorptive field just below it resorptive field produces a depression called lingual fossa

    The

    The

    THE ALVEOLAR PROCESS


    Alveolar

    process develops in response to the presence of tooth buds As teeth erupt , the process grows in height by deposition at the margins

    It

    grows in an upward and outward direction to accommodate the larger permanent teeth

    THE CHIN
    Chin

    is a specific human characteristic and is the most recent phylogenic acquisition by sexual and specific genetic

    Influenced

    factors

    Is

    more prominent in males

    Mental

    protuberance forms by bony deposition during childhood The prominence

    GROWTH ROTATIONS
    Two types of growth rotations: Internal rotation External rotation Internal rotation: rotation taking place at the core of It is of two types:

    Matrix rotation : rotation of the core around the condyle. It accounts for 25% of total internal rotation

    External

    rotation : It is the rotation brought about by surface changes and alterations in the rate of tooth eruption External rotation is opposite to internal rotation and tends to mask it.

    Internal

    rotation tends to decrease the mandibular plane angle i.e. , up anteriorly and down posteriorly and is given a negative sign Total intern0al rotation will be between 0 -10 to -15 External rotation is designated by a positive sign Total external rotation will be between +10 to + 12 Net rotation : -2 to -4
    0 0
    0

    CLINICAL RELEVANCE
    ACROMEGALY

    CHINCAP

    ANCHORAGE

    DISTRACTION OSTEOGENESIS

    CONCLUSION
    A knowledge of the normal growth pattern helps in identifying normal variations in growth , any variation from norm and also in growth prediction .It also helps in the planning and evaluation of orthodontic treatment

    REFERENCES
    1.

    2.
    3. 4.

    5.

    Orthodontics Principles and Practice Graber TM contemporary orthodontics Proffit essentials of facial growth Enlow & Hans Orthodontics The Art and Science Bhalajhi Textbook of orthodontics Gurukeerat Singh

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