VoIP
PRESENTED BY Ankit Aggarwal M.Tech 3rd Sem (Digital Comm.)
An Introduction to Telephone
The first telephone was invented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell. The first phone company was started in 1879 ( International Bell Telephone Company (IBTC) and now known as American Telephone & Telegraph Company AT&T). Slogan A phone in every household.
The device which allows conversation to two or more users when they are not in the same vicinity of each other to be heard directly.
Earlier telephones were based on analog communication.
VoIP
A recent application of Internet technology
Voice over IP (VoIP) which means Transmission of voice over Internet Introduction of VoIP in 1995 by Vocaltec Inc. The use of the Internet that was originally designed to carry computer data to carry voice
Voice over Internet Protocol Also known as :
Next Generation Voice Network IP Telephony Voice over Internet Voice over Internet Protocol
Voice over Packet
Why we need VoIP?
Low cost. Not only voice but also video is transmitted using
similar concepts.
Spreads at a fast pace Independent
No geographical restriction
A Basic IP Telephone System
The simplest IP telephone system uses two basic components:
- IP telephone: end device allowing humans to place and receive calls. - Media Gateway Controller: providing overall control and coordination between IP phones; allowing a caller to locate a callee
Interconnection
IP telephone system needs to interoperate with PSTN or
another IP telephone system. Two additional components needed for such interconnection:
Media Gateway Signaling Gateway
Media Gateway - translates audio between IP network and PSTN.
Signaling Gateway - translates signaling operations.
How VoIP works?
Converting the voice signal
ADC (analog to digital) DAC (digital to analog)
Voice (source) - - ADC - - - Internet - - - DAC - - Voice (dest)
Transmission of voice traffic in packets
VoIP Components
Sender
Encoder Packetizer
Receiver Network
Playback Buffer Depacketizer Decoder
Encoder Packetizer Playback Buffer Decoder
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Programmable buttons Foot stand adjuster Display button Message button Directories button Help button Settings button Services button Volume button
Speaker button Mute button Headset button Navigation button
VoIP Phone
14 15 16
17
Keypad Softkey buttons Handset light strip Touchscreen
Advantages
Use computer and phone at same time Do not need multiple phone lines Unlimited talking time world wide Local, long distance, international calls all the same
price
Talk with several people at same time with no
additonal cost
Disadvantages
Some VoIP services do not work during power outages If a remote site fails connections may be unreachable
If there is congestion in the network it may cause delays, and increased
packet loss
Various Issues in designing network
The most important factors in the designing of the network is
Service It is essential for maintaining customer satisfaction. Cost A factor which is always involve in maintaining profitability.
What is Traffic
Traffic is defined as either the amount of data or the number of messages over a circuit during a given period of time. It is also defined as the relationship between the call attempts and the speed with which the calls are completed.
The most important factors that should be taken into the account when analyzing the traffic Traffic Load measurement
Grade of Service
Traffic Types
Sampling Methods
Factors in analysing the voip traffic
There are following factors Voice Codecs Samples Voice Activity Detection RTP Header Compression Call Arrival Patterns
Various Issues in Analyzing VoiP Traffic
Delay Jitter
- The delay experienced in receiving a packet when a packet is expected to arrive at the end point at a certain time Latency - The time taken for a packet to arrive at its destination Bandwidth It is to be shared between voice and computer data Packet loss - It is not acceptable Reliability Scalability Ability to add more telephone instruments Security As it uses internet therefore it is vulnerable to the security risks.
Analyzing VoiP by Vbuzzer
A type of soft phone system by which we can analyze the VoiP system. It is an internet telephony software which is not designed to simply duplicate the traditional telephone system. Users can send and receive voice calls to or from other Vbuzzer users on the internet.
PC
Network
PC
Vbuzzer test bed setup
Vbuzzer
Vbuzzer
Call Setup Process in Vbuzzer
Invite 100 Trying Invite 100 Trying 180 Ringing 200 OK ACK
Vbuzz er Caller
180 Ringing 200 OK
Proxy Serve r
Vbuzz er Callee
