William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture
Chapter 1 Introduction
Architecture & Organization 1
Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer
Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques. e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?
Organization is how features are implemented
Control signals, interfaces, memory technology. e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition?
Architecture & Organization 2
All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture
This gives code compatibility
At least backwards
Organization differs between different versions
Structure & Function
Structure is the way in which components relate to each other Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure
Function
All computer functions are:
Data processing Data storage Data movement Control
Functional view
Functional view of a computer
Data Storage Facility Data Movement Apparatus
Control Mechanism
Data Processing Facility
Operations (1)
Data movement
e.g. keyboard to screen
Data Storage Facility
Data Movement Apparatus
Control Mechanism
Data Processing Facility
Operations (2)
Storage
e.g. Internet download to disk
Data Storage Facility
Data Movement Apparatus
Control Mechanism
Data Processing Facility
Operation (3)
Processing from/to storage
e.g. updating bank statement
Data Storage Facility
Data Movement Apparatus
Control Mechanism
Data Processing Facility
Operation (4)
Processing from storage to I/O
e.g. printing a bank statement
Data Storage Facility
Data Movement Apparatus
Control Mechanism
Data Processing Facility
Structure - Top Level
Computer
Central Processing Unit Computer Main Memory
Peripherals
Systems Interconnection
Input Output
Communication lines
Structure - The CPU
CPU
Computer
I/O System Bus Memory CPU
Registers
Arithmetic and Login Unit
Internal CPU Interconnection
Control Unit
Structure - The Control Unit
Control Unit
CPU
ALU Internal Bus Registers Control Unit
Sequencing Login Control Unit Registers and Decoders
Control Memory
Outline of the Book (1)
Computer Evolution and Performance Computer Interconnection Structures Internal Memory External Memory Input/Output Operating Systems Support Computer Arithmetic Instruction Sets
Outline of the Book (2 )
CPU Structure and Function Reduced Instruction Set Computers Superscalar Processors Control Unit Operation Microprogrammed Control Multiprocessors and Vector Processing Digital Logic (Appendix)
Internet Resources - Web site for book
http://www.shore.net/~ws/COA5e.html
links to sites of interest links to sites for courses that use the book errata list for book information on other books by W. Stallings
Internet Resources - Web sites to look for
WWW Computer Architecture Home Page CPU Info Center ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture IEEE Technical Committee on Computer Architecture Intel Technology Journal Manufacturers sites
Intel, IBM, etc.
Internet Resources - Usenet News Groups
comp.arch comp.arch.arithmetic comp.arch.storage