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Instrumentation

The document discusses different types of field instrumentation used for measurement, monitoring, and control of major process variables like flow, pressure, temperature, and level. It focuses on flow measurement and describes different flow metering devices like differential pressure, rotameter, magnetic, vortex, ultrasonic, and mass flow meters. The key types of flow meters are positive displacement meters, which directly measure volume flow rate by trapping fluid samples, and velocity meters, which indirectly measure flow by determining fluid velocity through a pipe of known cross-sectional area.

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Emmanuel Enriquez
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424 views7 pages

Instrumentation

The document discusses different types of field instrumentation used for measurement, monitoring, and control of major process variables like flow, pressure, temperature, and level. It focuses on flow measurement and describes different flow metering devices like differential pressure, rotameter, magnetic, vortex, ultrasonic, and mass flow meters. The key types of flow meters are positive displacement meters, which directly measure volume flow rate by trapping fluid samples, and velocity meters, which indirectly measure flow by determining fluid velocity through a pipe of known cross-sectional area.

Uploaded by

Emmanuel Enriquez
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A PRESENTATION ON FIELD INSTRUMENTATION

MEASUREMENT MONITORING

CONTROL

MEASUREMENT
MAJOR PROCESS VARIABLES
FLOW PRESSURE TEMPERATURE LEVEL

FLOW MEASUREMENT
DP TYPE ROTAMETER MAGNETIC VORTEX ULTRASONIC MASS FLOW

INTRODUCTION Measuring fluid flow is one of the most important aspects of process control. In fact, it may well be the most frequently measured process variable. This section describes the nature of flow and factors affecting it. Devices commonly used to measure flow are presented, as is a discussion on accuracy and how it is typically specified. For quick reference, a table listing the primary characteristics of flow metering devices is included along with a conversion chart for the various measurement units encountered in dealing with flow.Flow is generally measured inferentially by measuring velocity through a known area. With this indirect method, the flow measured is the volume flow rate, Qv, stated in its simplest terms: Qv = A * V In this equation, A is the cross-sectional area of the pipe and V is the fluid velocity.A reliable flow indication is dependent upon the correct measurement of A and V. If, for example, air bubbles are present in the fluid, the area term .A. of the equation would be artificially high. Likewise, if the velocity is measured as a point velocity at the center of the pipe, and it is used as the velocity term .V. of the equation, a greater Qv than actual would be calculated because V must reflect the average velocity of the flow as it passes a cross-section of the pipe.

MEASUREMENT OF FLUID FLOW IN PIPES

Of the many devices available for measuring fluid flow, the type of device used often depends on the nature of the fluid and the process conditions under which it is measured. Flow is usually measured indirectly by first measuring a differential pressure or a fluid velocity. This measurement is then related to the volume rate electronically. Flowmeters can be grouped into four generic types: positive displacement meters, head meters, velocity meters, and mass meters.

Positive Displacement Meters Positive displacement meters measure the volume flow rate (QV) directly by repeatedly trapping a sample of the fluid. The total volume of liquid passing through the meter in a given period of time is the product of the volume of the sample and the number of samples. Positive displacement meters frequently totalize flow directly on an integral counter, but they can also generate a pulse output which may be read on a local display counter or by transmission to a control room. Because each pulse represents a discrete volume of fluid, they are ideally suited for automatic batching and accounting. Positive displacement meters can be less accurate than other meters because of leakage past the internal sealing surfaces. Three common types of displacement meters are the piston, oval gear, and nutating disc.

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