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Process Maps: Mira Sykorova Opermngt 345 Boise State University

Process Maps: Training Session What is a process? Why Use Process Maps? Attributes of process maps process mapping symbols How to create process maps? a real world example.

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Carlos Manuel Pariona
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78 views29 pages

Process Maps: Mira Sykorova Opermngt 345 Boise State University

Process Maps: Training Session What is a process? Why Use Process Maps? Attributes of process maps process mapping symbols How to create process maps? a real world example.

Uploaded by

Carlos Manuel Pariona
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Process Maps

Mira Sykorova OperMngt 345 Boise State University

Process Maps:
Training Session
What is a process? Why use process maps? Attributes of process maps Process mapping symbols How to create process maps? A real world example Types of process maps Summary References

What Is a Process?
A group of activities which , together, achieve a specific goal. The essence of operation management: inputs are transformed into outputs.

Process Examples
Sales order processing Demand forecasting Sales operations planning Bought-ledger invoice processing New product development

Process Maps:
Visual Tools of a Process

Process Maps Allow To:


Understand a process Simplify the process based on that understanding Implement or eliminate processes through a multi-step methodology Redesign the process

Process Maps Contd


Diagrams which show each step of the process Similar to flowcharts Represent the logic necessary to achieve the desired result

Why Use Process Maps?


Everything from globalization to

collaborative relationships demands maps that are clear and can be read by all the partners in the process. Process models are those maps. We use them to navigate our way through complex business practices of today.
Chris Cummins Vice President, Process Development Group Uniform Code Council, Inc.

Process Maps: A Picture Is Worth 1000 Words

Operations As A Process
INPUT Transformation process OUTPUT

Material Machines Labor Management Capital


2000 by Prentice-Hall Inc Russell/Taylor Oper Mgt 3/e

Feedback

Goods or Services

Attributes of Process Maps


Intuitive Understood at every level of an organization Sophisticated enough to model complex activities Prevent ambiguity Make effective use of time available to analyze a process Identify process-related issues

Terms to Know Before We Start Mapping


Alternative Path: One or more options are presented that create a path off the primary path. Decision Criteria: When incorporating alternative paths into a map, there must be a choice to be made between 2 or more options; the question being asked should be specific. Inspection Point: A pass/fail decision to test an output in process.

Key Terms (Contd)


Input: Materials, money, people, information, or other factors that are essential to the process Output: The end result -- the product or service that a customer receives Parallel Process: Another process that can be executed at the same time as the primary process Primary Process: The tasks must be carried out in order to achieve a desired output from given inputs

Process Mapping Symbols


The rectangle represents each task of step within the map The parallelogram represents inputs The oval represents the process boundary The diamond represents a decision

How to Create a Process Map?


1. Select a process 2. Define the process Goals Input Output

3. Map the Primary Process


Define the tasks that will be required to reach the desired output Incorporate appropriate symbols in your map Make sure to show parallel processes

4. Map Alternative Processes


Map points along the primary process where decision are made Recognize one or more alternative paths Merge those paths back into the primary path

5. Map Inspection Points


Use these points to error-proof your map Useful to better satisfy customers and/or cut down on costs and time Points could lead into rework loops or doover loops

6. Use Your Map to Improve the Process


Eliminate non-value-added steps

Set standards for the process What will pass and what will fail

Real World Example: Mapping the Student Course


Registration Process

Define the process


Output: schedule The goal of the student: obtain classes needed to graduate Inputs: the course catalog, an advisor, a computer, and professors

Map the primary process


Tasks of the registration process in logical order

Student Course Registration Process (Contd)


Map alternative paths
3 points in the map where alternative paths are necessary
Has registration started? YES/NO Are the classes still available YES/NO If not, can the student get an override? YES/NO

Diamonds are the appropriate symbols Alternative paths merge back to the primary process

Registration Process Map


(Simplified)
Receive course catalog

NO
Choose classes Can I get signed in?

YES

Find out registration period

NO
Can I register?
Register later

YES

YES
Register via Internet Are my classes closed?

NO

Receive schedule

Benefits of Process Maps


Simplified processes Higher efficiencies in employee tasks Greater understanding of processes and procedures Cost savings from elimination of redundant or unnecessary tasks Opportunities are addressed and corrected faster Better training programs

Maps Used in the Reengineering Process


Strategic directive Benchmark data Goals & specifications for process performance Customer requirements data Baseline analysis Innovative ideas

Design principles

High-level process map

Key performance measures

Detailed process map Pilot study of new design

Model validation

2000 by Prentice-Hall Inc


Russell/Taylor Oper Mgt 3/e

Full-scale implementation

1. High-level Process Maps


Useful in beginning of the redesign process Contain the essential parts of a process Focus on performance goal Helpful for generating innovative ideas

High-level Process Maps Contd

Subprocess Input

Subprocess
Subprocess

Output Performance goal

Subprocess

2000 by Prentice-Hall Inc Russell/Taylor Oper Mgt 3/e

2. Detailed Process Maps


Prepared for each subprocess in the high-level map Guide decisions on allocation of resources Determine and set in place key performance measures

Summary
Process maps are:
Simple and effective ways of visualizing and understanding of a process Valuable and unique quality improvement tools Waste management tools Everyone involved can take part in improving the process

References
Internet
1. 2. Berry college; Campbell school of business http://campbell.berry.edu/faculty/jgrout/bus453/ Gallowaymapping/p3_basicp.htm Chris Cumming , process development group, uniform code council, inc. www.magazine.org/retail/downloads/Process_M apping.ppt Integrated process solutions limited, 1999 http://www.ips-uk.com/ProcessMapping.htm Energy consulting group, Georgia, 2000 http://www.ecg-llc.com/process46.html

3. 4.

References Contd
5. RCG university: business process reengineering http://rockfordconsulting.com/bpr.htm 6. Jack Mulhern, Penn state university, 2002 http://www.freequality.org/beta%20freequal/fq%20 web%20site/training/FlowchartsJackMulhern[1].pp t

Books
1. 2. Galloway, Dianne. Mapping work processes. Milwaukee: ASQ quality press, 1994 Russell/Taylor. Operation management 3/e. Prentice-hall, 2000

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