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    Rock and Soil Formation

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    Widia Etna
    Sedimentary rocks are formed from the erosion and deposition of existing rocks over millions of years. Layers of sediment are compressed into rock, forming sedimentary types like sandstone, limestone, shale, conglomerate, and gypsum. Metamorphic rocks were once sedimentary or igneous rocks that were transformed by intense heat and pressure. Igneous rocks form as magma cools, either underground to become rocks like granite, or above ground as lava to form scoria, pumice, and obsidian. All rocks continuously cycle between these forms in the Earth's ongoing geological processes.

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    Rock and Soil Formation

    Uploaded by

    Widia Etna
    181 views10 pages
    Sedimentary rocks are formed from the erosion and deposition of existing rocks over millions of years. Layers of sediment are compressed into rock, forming sedimentary types like sandstone, limestone, shale, conglomerate, and gypsum. Metamorphic rocks were once sedimentary or igneous rocks that were transformed by intense heat and pressure. Igneous rocks form as magma cools, either underground to become rocks like granite, or above ground as lava to form scoria, pumice, and obsidian. All rocks continuously cycle between these forms in the Earth's ongoing geological processes.

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    Sedimentary rocks are formed from the erosion and deposition of existing rocks over millions of years. Layers of sediment are compressed into rock, forming sedimentary types like sandstone, limestone, shale, conglomerate, and gypsum. Metamorphic rocks were once sedimentary or igneous rocks that were transformed by intense heat and pressure. Igneous rocks form as magma cools, either underground to become rocks like granite, or above ground as lava to form scoria, pumice, and obsidian. All rocks continuously cycle between these forms in the Earth's ongoing geological processes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    181 views10 pages

    Rock and Soil Formation

    Uploaded by

    Widia Etna
    Sedimentary rocks are formed from the erosion and deposition of existing rocks over millions of years. Layers of sediment are compressed into rock, forming sedimentary types like sandstone, limestone, shale, conglomerate, and gypsum. Metamorphic rocks were once sedimentary or igneous rocks that were transformed by intense heat and pressure. Igneous rocks form as magma cools, either underground to become rocks like granite, or above ground as lava to form scoria, pumice, and obsidian. All rocks continuously cycle between these forms in the Earth's ongoing geological processes.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    How Rocks Are Formed!

    http://www.fi.edu/fellows/payton/rocks/create/index.html

    How Sedimentary Rock Is Formed


    For thousands, even millions of years, little pieces of our earth have been eroded--broken down and worn away by wind and water. These little bits of our earth are washed downstream where they settle to the bottom of the rivers, lakes, and oceans. Layer after layer of eroded earth is deposited on top of each. These layers are pressed down more and more through time, until the bottom layers slowly turn into rock.

    http://www.fi.edu/fellows/payton/rocks/create/sediment.htm

    Sedimentary Rock Types

    Sandstone Rocks
    Sandstone rocks are sedimentary rocks made from small grains of the minerals quartz and feldspar. They often form in layers as seen in this picture. They are often used as building stones.

    Limestone Rocks
    Limestone rocks are sedimentary rocks that are made from the mineral calcite which came from the beds of evaporated seas and lakes and from sea animal shells. This rock is used in concrete and is an excellent building stone for humid regions

    Conglomerate Rocks
    Shale rock is a type of sedimentary rock formed from clay that is compacted together by pressure. They are used to make bricks and other material that is fired in a kiln.

    Shale Rocks
    Conglomerate rocks are sedimentary rocks. They are made up of large sediments like sand and pebbles. The sediment is so large that pressure alone cannot hold the rock together; it is also cemented together with dissolved minerals.

    Gypsum Rocks
    Gypsum rocks are sedimentary rocks made up of sulfate mineral and formed as the result of evaporating sea water in massive prehistoric basins. It is very soft and is used to make Plaster of Paris, casts, molds, and wallboards.

    How Metamorphic Rock Is Formed


    Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have "morphed" into another kind of rock. These rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks. How do sedimentary and igneous rocks change? The rocks are under tons and tons of pressure, which fosters heat build up, and this causes them to change. If you exam metamorphic rock samples closely, you'll discover how flattened some of the grains in the rock are. http://www.fi.edu/fellows/payton/rocks/create/metamorph.htm

    Metamorphic Rock Types


    Schist Rocks
    Schist rocks are metamorphic. These rocks can be formed from basalt, an igneous rock; shale, a sedimentary rock; or slate, a metamorphic rock. Through tremendous heat and pressure, these rocks were transformed into this new kind of rock.

    Gneiss Rocks
    Gneiss rocks are metamorphic. These rocks may have been granite, which is an igneous rock, but heat and pressure changed it. You can see how the mineral grains in the rock were flattened through tremendous heat and pressure and are arranged in alternating patterns.

    How Igneous Rock Is Formed


    Igneous rocks are called fire rocks and are formed either underground or above ground. Underground, they are formed when the melted rock, called magma, deep within the earth becomes trapped in small pockets. As these pockets of magma cool slowly underground, the magma becomes igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are also formed when volcanoes erupt, causing the magma to rise above the earth's surface. When magma appears above the earth, it is called lava. Igneous rocks are formed as the lava cools above ground. http://www.fi.edu/fellows/payton/rocks/create/igneous.htm

    Igneous rocks Types


    Granite Rocks
    Granite rocks are igneous rocks which were formed by slowly cooling pockets of magma that were trapped beneath the earth's surface. Granite is used for long lasting monuments and for trim and decoration on buildings.

    Scoria Rocks
    Scoria rocks are igneous rocks which were formed when lava cooled quickly above ground. You can see where little pockets of air had been. Scoria is actually a kind of glass and not a mixture of minerals.

    Pumice Rocks
    Pumice rocks are igneous rocks which were formed when lava cooled quickly above ground. You can see where little pockets of air had been. This rock is so light, that many pumice rocks will actually float in water. Pumice is actually a kind of glass and not a mixture of minerals. Because this rock is so light, it is used quite often as a decorative landscape stone. Ground to a powder, it is used as an abrasive in polish compounds and in Lava soap.

    Obsidian Rocks
    Obsidian rocks are igneous rocks that form when lava cools quickly above ground. Obsidian is actually glass and not a mixture of minerals. The edges of this rock are very sharp.

    The earth and its geology is referred to as a "closed system," meaning that all rock and minerals are constantly being recycled in a process of evolution called the "rock cycle." Starting with its initial formation as cooled and solidified lava, rock is worn away by ice, rain, and wind (weathering), then transported by erosion, until the material reaches its final resting place (deposition). During this evolutionary process there are three basic states of being (forms) that a rock can have: Igneous Parent Rock (felsic, intermediate, mafic or ultramafic) Metamorphic Formed by Heat and Pressure Sedimentary Formed by Deposition When the earth was formed several billion years ago, there was only molten material (Igneous rock), which was the "parent" to all other rock varieties. Each of the three types of rock can evolve into the other in a bi-directional process

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