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    11th - The Female Reproductive System

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    I. The ligaments that support the uterus include the broad ligament, round ligament, cardinal ligament, and uterosacral ligament. II. The peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. It forms the parietal layer on the cavity walls and visceral layer on organs. The space between layers is the peritoneal cavity. III. The peritoneum reflects between organs forming omenta, mesenteries, ligaments, and pouches like the rectouterine pouch between the rectum and uterus in females. The female peritoneal cavity differs from males in being open to the outside via the genital tubes.

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    11th - The Female Reproductive System

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    527 views21 pages
    I. The ligaments that support the uterus include the broad ligament, round ligament, cardinal ligament, and uterosacral ligament. II. The peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. It forms the parietal layer on the cavity walls and visceral layer on organs. The space between layers is the peritoneal cavity. III. The peritoneum reflects between organs forming omenta, mesenteries, ligaments, and pouches like the rectouterine pouch between the rectum and uterus in females. The female peritoneal cavity differs from males in being open to the outside via the genital tubes.

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    11th--The Female Reproductive System (2)

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    I. The ligaments that support the uterus include the broad ligament, round ligament, cardinal ligament, and uterosacral ligament. II. The peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. It forms the parietal layer on the cavity walls and visceral layer on organs. The space between layers is the peritoneal cavity. III. The peritoneum reflects between organs forming omenta, mesenteries, ligaments, and pouches like the rectouterine pouch between the rectum and uterus in females. The female peritoneal cavity differs from males in being open to the outside via the genital tubes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    527 views21 pages

    11th - The Female Reproductive System

    Uploaded by

    prasun_v
    I. The ligaments that support the uterus include the broad ligament, round ligament, cardinal ligament, and uterosacral ligament. II. The peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. It forms the parietal layer on the cavity walls and visceral layer on organs. The space between layers is the peritoneal cavity. III. The peritoneum reflects between organs forming omenta, mesenteries, ligaments, and pouches like the rectouterine pouch between the rectum and uterus in females. The female peritoneal cavity differs from males in being open to the outside via the genital tubes.

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    of 21

    The Female Reproductive

    System

    GanSheng-Wei

    Department of Anatomy
    Introduction
    Function
    A.To produce: ovum---
    maintaining the life of
    species
    B. Sexual hormone---
    maintaining the 2nd
    sexual female
    characteristics
    Formation
    Ⅰ. Internal genital organs
    ⒈ The gonad---ovary
    ⒉ The genital ducts
    uterine tubes
    uterus
    vagina
    Ⅱ. External genital organs
    ⒈ Female pudendum
    ⅠThe internal genital organs
    ⒈The ovary
    ⑴ The external features:
    It’s almond in shape and situated in the ovarian
    fossa, which is between the bifurcation of the
    internal and external iliac arteries.
    2 surfaces
    lateral and medial surfaces
    2 borders
    anterior and posterior borders
    2 extremities
    tubal extremity (superior extremity) close to
    the fimbriae of uterine tube
    uterine extremity (inferior extremity )
    connecting the fundus of the uterus
    ⑵ The structures of
    the ovary

    Proper ligament of
    ovary

    Susupensory ligament
    of ovary

    Hilum of ovary
    ⒉The uterine
    tubes
    A funnel –shaped
    muscular tube
    Parts
    ⑴Uterine part
    ⑵Isthumus of
    uterine tube: ligation
    ⑶Ampulla of
    uterine tube: fertilization
    ⑷Infundibulum of
    uterine tube: abdominal
    orifice/ fimbrae
    1.The uterus
    It’s a single , hollow, thick walled and
    pear-shaped muscular organ
    ⑴ The parts:
    fundus of uterus
    body of uterus
    isthumus of uterus
    cervix of uterus
    supravaginal part of cervix
    vaginal part of cervix
    ⑵ The cavity of uterus
    Cavity of uterus---a triangular space
    Cervical canal ---the cavity of cervix
    Orifice of uterus(anterior\posterior lip)
    ⑶The location of the uterus
    it’s between the urinary bladder
    and rectum, so the normal
    anatomical position is:
    Anteflexion
    the body and neck of the uterus
    form an obtuse angle. It’s called the
    anteflexion.

    Anteversion
    the long axis of the uterus and the
    vagina form an right angle. It’s called
    the anteversion.
    ⑷ The supporting structures of the uterus
    Many structures, such as various ligaments, the muscles of
    pelvic floor, maintain the normal position of uterus.
    We put the stress on the ligaments:
    ① the broad lig.
    it’s composed of 2 layers of peritoneum between the lateral
    margin of the uterus and lateral wall of pelvis.
    Between the 2 layers of peritoneum, there are uterine tube,
    ovary, proper lig. of ovary, round lig. of uterus, blood
    vessels, lymphatic vessels, nervous plexus and connective
    tissue.
    Parts
    Mesovarium
    Mesosalpinx
    Mesometrium
    ② the round lig.
    it tends to keep the uterus in the
    anteverted position.
    ③ the cardinal lig.
    it’s the chief lig, supporting the
    uterus to prevent from dropping
    down into the vagina.
    ④ the uterosacral lig.
    hold the cervix of uterus in its
    normal position relative to the
    rectum.
    The vagina
    ⑴ it’s a muscular canal and a lower position of the “
    birth canal”
    ⑵ the relation of neck of the uterus to the vagina
    The fornix: the upper portion of the vagina
    surrounds the vaginal portion of the neck of uterus,
    to form a circular recess , called fornix. The latter
    includes anterior fornix, bilateral fornix and the
    posterior fornix. The posterior wall of vagina and a
    layer of peritoneum are between the posterior fornix
    and the rectouterine pouch.
    II. The external reproductive organs
    Study by yourselves
    Summary
    Ⅰ. The ligaments of uterus
    Broad lig. / round lig. / cardinal lig. / uterosacral lig.
    Ⅱ The peritoneum and peritoneal cavity
    1. The definition of the peritoneum
    it’s a layer of serous membrane lining the inner surface of
    the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity and covering the
    organs in these cavities.
    ⒉ The parts
    Parietal peritoneum: it lines the inner surface of the
    abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity.
    Visceral peritoneum: it covers the organs in these
    cavities.
    Both of them are continuous membranes.
    The space between the parietal and visceral parts is
    called peritoneal cavity.(difference between male and
    ⒊The relationship between viscera and
    peritoneum
    The different visceral organs have the different extent of the peritoneal
    investment. According to the differences of the peritoneal investment,
    the visceral organs can be divided into three categories:
    ⑴ The intraperitoneal visera.
    If a viscera is completely surrounded by peritoneum the viscera is
    called the intraperitoneal viscera.
    ⑵ The interperitoneal viscera.
    If the most surfaces of a viscus is wrapped by peritoneum, the viscus is
    called the interperitoneal viscus.
    ⑶The retroperitoneal viscera
    if a viscus is situated in the retroperitoneal space, and only one surface
    of it is covered by peritoneum, the viscera is called the retroperitoneal
    viscera.
    ⒋The peritoneal reflections
    The peritoneum reflects from one viscus to another or
    from the abdominal wall to the viscus. Through the
    process, the peritoneum forms the peritoneum
    reflection.
    According to the different location of the reflection, the
    reflections have different terms.
    ⑴ the omenta
    A. the lesser omentum
    It’s a peritoneal fold between the porta hepatis and the
    lesser curvature of the stomach as well as the
    commencemet of the duodenum.
    Hepatogastic lig.
    The lesser omentum
    Hepetoduodenal lig.
    .
    B. The greater omentum
    It’s a double peritoneal sheet, 4 layers of peritoneum.
    The gastrocolic lig. is a part of the great omentum
    between the greater curvature of stomach and the
    transverse colon

    ⑵ The mesenteries and mesocolons.


    ①The mesentery of the small intestine
    ②The mesoappendix
    ③The transverse mesocolon
    ④The sigmoid mesocolon
    ⑶ The lig.
    ①The lig. related to liver
    ②Suspentory lig. of the duodenum(lig. of treitz)
    It’s an important landmark for the commencement of the
    jejunum.

    ⑷ The recesses and pouches


    recesses will be studied in regional anatomy.
    Pouch is a large fossa. For example:
    ①for male : the rectovesical pouch lies between the
    rectum and the urinary bladder
    ② for female
    The rectouterine pouch: perform the puncture of the
    posterior fornix to drain the blood for test.
    There are the posterior wall of the vagina and a layer of
    peritoneum between the posterior fornix of vagina and
    the rectouterine pouch.
    If the rectouterine pouch contains blood or fluid, the
    drainage may be performed through the posterior fornix.

    The vesicouterine pouch

    5. The differences between the male peritoneal cavity


    and the female peritoneal cavity:
    Male---a completely closed space
    Female---it’s open to the outside through the female
    genital tubes.
    Mesosalpinx

    Mesovarium

    Mesometrium

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