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PHYSICS XG: Eyes

The document summarizes the key components of the human eye and how vision works. It discusses the cornea, pupil, iris, lens, ciliary muscle, retina, and optical nerves. It explains how light enters the eye and is focused on the retina. The lens, controlled by the ciliary muscle, allows the eye to focus on objects at varying distances. The document also covers common vision conditions like myopia, hypermetropia, and presbyopia and how lenses are used to correct them. Accommodation is the process that allows the eye to focus on objects at different distances by changing the lens thickness and optical power.

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121 views24 pages

PHYSICS XG: Eyes

The document summarizes the key components of the human eye and how vision works. It discusses the cornea, pupil, iris, lens, ciliary muscle, retina, and optical nerves. It explains how light enters the eye and is focused on the retina. The lens, controlled by the ciliary muscle, allows the eye to focus on objects at varying distances. The document also covers common vision conditions like myopia, hypermetropia, and presbyopia and how lenses are used to correct them. Accommodation is the process that allows the eye to focus on objects at different distances by changing the lens thickness and optical power.

Uploaded by

Treeicicles
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Optical Instruments Eyes

Cristarika Fredick Natasia Riky

Introduction of Eyes
Eyes are one of the optical instruments It contain convex lens can distinguish about 10 million colors consisting of various muscles, tissues, and nerve sensors

The components of eyes (that are related to the vision process)


Cornea Pupil Iris Lens Cilliary muscle Retina Optical nerves

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How light enters


Light enters the cornea. FLASH Its intensity is controlled by the iris. The light passes through the iris opening called the pupil, and is focused by the retina. Conducted by the optic nerve and tract to the back part of the brain.

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CORNEA
Protective and transparent layer (covers the iris and pupil) In human the refractive power of the cornea is approximately 43 dioptres In front of the eye

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PUPIL
The circular opening in the center of the pigmented iris of the eye Through which light passes to the retina Dim light = pupil gets bigger Bright light = pupil gets smaller

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IRIS
Give colors Manage the number of slices of light Controlling the size of the pupils and amount of light

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LENS
Held by cilliary muscle Can set the eyes thickness See objects at various distances

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CILLIARY MUSCLE
Controls accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances Regulates the flow of aqueous humour It changes the shape of the lens within the eye

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RETINA
Sensitive to light Image fall on it with the nature of image that real and inverted

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OPTICAL NERVES
Transmits visual information from the retina to the brain

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CILLIARY MUSCLE IRIS

RETINA

CORNEA

LENS

PUPIL

OPTICAL NERVES

The eyes sickness


Normal eyes Short sighted (myopia) Far sighted (hypermetropia) Presbyopia

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Normal eyes
Near point = 25cm Far point = infinity

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Short-sightedness (Myopia)
Distant objects appear blurred Far point < infinity Sample Equation Use concave lens to help

FLASH

Page 148 No.1) A far point for a person with shortsightedness is 1.2m. Calculate the optical power of lens!

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Far-sightedness (Hypermetropia)
Cannot see close objects clearly Near point > 25cm Sample Equation Use convex lens to help

FLASH

Page 149 No.1) A punctum proximum of a person with hypermetropia is 50 cm. He would like to read at distance of 20 cm. Calculate the optical power of lens that is used!

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Accommodation
Accommodation is process of managing the
thickness of lens or changing the optical power.

The purpose of accommodation is to make

objects at various distances can form an image


on the retina.

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The range of optical power of eye accommodation


The range of optical power of eye accommodation is the maximum change of power in accommodation. Or the range between the maximum accommodation and the minimum accommodation.
Sample Equation

The range of optical power of eye accommodation equation

Example
Suppose the distance from the lens of an eye to the retina is 3 cm. Find the range of optical power of eye accommodation!

Thank You For Your Attention

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