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Operating System

This document discusses the different components and functions of an operating system. It describes the layered structure of computer systems, with operating systems sitting between hardware and application programs. The main types of programs are then defined as system software, application software, and driver programs. Operating systems control resources, provide interfaces, manage memory and files, and allow other programs to run. Common operating systems are also categorized and examples are given.

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Nuz Ha
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168 views

Operating System

This document discusses the different components and functions of an operating system. It describes the layered structure of computer systems, with operating systems sitting between hardware and application programs. The main types of programs are then defined as system software, application software, and driver programs. Operating systems control resources, provide interfaces, manage memory and files, and allow other programs to run. Common operating systems are also categorized and examples are given.

Uploaded by

Nuz Ha
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OPERATING SYSTEM

NUZHA.S 1003138 BBA-III

ARCHITECTURE OF COMPUTER SYSTEM


Hardware

Operating System (OS)


Programming Language (e.g. PASCAL) Application Programs (e.g. WORD, EXCEL)

DETAIL LAYERED VIEW OF COMPUTER

SYSTEM SOFTWARE, APPLICATION SOFTWARE AND DRIVER PROGRAMS


System Software- Performs essential operation tasks Operating system Utility programs Application Software - Performs specific tasks for users Business application Communications application Multimedia application Entertainment and educational software Driver Programs (Device Driver) small program that allows a specific input or output device to communicate with the rest of the computer system

3 TYPE OF PROGRAMS
User / Application Programs
Programs Used By The Users To Perform A Task An Interface Between User And Computer

System Programs
Driver Programs

Communicate I/O Devices With Computer

Hierarchy of computer software

PROGRAM HIERARCHY
User 1 User 2 User 3

.............

User n

electronic

computer

text editor

database system

spreadsheet

game

Operating System Computer Hardware

Operating System
A collection of programs which control the resources of a computer system Written in low-level languages (i.e. Machinedependent) An interface between the users and the hardware When the computer is on, OS will first load into the main memory

Basic functions of the operating system


Device configuration
Controls peripheral devices connected to the computer

File management
Transfers files between main memory and secondary storage, manages file folders, allocates the secondary storage space, and provides file protection and recovery

Operating System

Memory management
Allocates the use of random access memory (RAM) to requesting processes

Interface platform
Allows the computer to run other applications

Other function of Operating System


best use of the computer resources provide a background for users programs to execute display and deal with errors when it happens control the selection and operation of the peripherals act as a communication link between users system protection

Common Operating Systems and Their Differences


Network Operating System Desktop Operating System Mobile Operating System
Palm OS and Pocket PC UNIX / Linux / MS Windows2000 Server

MS Windows 9X/Me / Mac OS / DOS

Examples
WINDOW
UNIX

Common operating systems

used in IBM compatible microcomputers multi-user, multi-tasking OS used in minicomputers and microcomputers

VAX/VMS

used in DECs VAX series of minicomputers

DOS interface

GUI

Different Types of Operating System

Cross-Platform Issues
Cross-Platform
developing software for, or running software, on more than one type of operating platform.

Machine-independent Programming Languages Makeup Languages Advantages


HTML XML

JVM

cost-effective saves time develop the program on different computers

Disk Operating System (DOS)


a part of operating system to control disk operation 2 parts
small system data data area
keep track of key information of the disk where data file is stored

3 parts

SMALL SYSTEM AREA in DOS


i.e. a short program for loading DOS into computers memory i.e. record the status of each part of the disk and keep track of all data i.e. record the filename, size of the file , date and time

boot/boot record

file allocation table (FAT)


root directory

Good Operating System


efficient
time spent to execute its programs should be short memory occupied should be as small as possible

small in size reliable

Type of Operating System


BATCH PROCESSING REAL TIME PROCESSING TIME SHARING PROCESSING

Batch processing
Jobs, together with input data, are fed into the system in a batch. The jobs are then run one after another. No job can be started until previous job is completed

Real time processing


immediate response is needed. For example

anti-missile defense system airplane landing control system interrupt error in computer system

Time sharing processing


Each user is given a time slice to interact with the CPU. The size of the time slice will depend on the system. Each user is served in sequence.

Special Features of OS
MULTITASKING

SPOOLING

SPECIAL FEATURES

MULTIPROGRAM MING

BUFFERING

PARALLEL PROCESSIN G

Multi-tasking
to handle 2 or more programs at the same time from a single user s perception
CPU can only perform one task at a time, however, it runs so fast that 2 or more jobs seem to execute at the same time

Multi-programming
2 or more programs store in the main memory at the same time when one job reeds to wait (e.g. I/O operation), CPU switch to another job to execute when the first job finishes waiting, CPU will get back the first job to execute

Parallel Processing
use 2 or more CPUs to handle jobs without multiprocessing computer networking
with multiprocessing

Job 4
Job 3

Job 4
time

Job 3
Job 1 Job 2

time

Job 2 Job 1

CPU 1

CPU 2

CPU 1

Buffering
a temporary storage area (buffers) to read data from input device or send data to the output device keep CPU busy
because I/O operation is slow

Spooling
A larger buffer from hard disk Buffer store the data through I/O operation

Because I/O operation is slow and CPU operation is fast

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