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Rotational Dynamics: Physics 101

This document summarizes key concepts from Physics 101 Lecture 19 on rotational dynamics and angular momentum. It includes example problems and concept questions about a person spinning on a bar stool pulling in their arms, spinning disks with different moments of inertia, and turning a spinning bike wheel over. The key ideas are that angular momentum is conserved if there is no net external torque, angular velocity increases if moment of inertia decreases while angular momentum is conserved, and kinetic energy increases if angular velocity increases despite a decreasing moment of inertia.

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76 views10 pages

Rotational Dynamics: Physics 101

This document summarizes key concepts from Physics 101 Lecture 19 on rotational dynamics and angular momentum. It includes example problems and concept questions about a person spinning on a bar stool pulling in their arms, spinning disks with different moments of inertia, and turning a spinning bike wheel over. The key ideas are that angular momentum is conserved if there is no net external torque, angular velocity increases if moment of inertia decreases while angular momentum is conserved, and kinetic energy increases if angular velocity increases despite a decreasing moment of inertia.

Uploaded by

learningbox
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics 101: Lecture 19 Rotational Dynamics

Todays lecture will cover Textbook Chapter 9


Concept Questions and Example Problems More on Angular Momentum and Conservation of

Angular Momentum

Physics 101: Lecture 19, Pg 1

See text: chapters 8-9

Angular Momentum
Momentum
p=mv
conserved if Fext = 0 Vector units: kg m/s

Angular Momentum
L=I
conserved if ext =0 Vector! units: kg m2/s

See Table 8.1

Physics 101: Lecture 19, Pg 2

Concept Question
You are sitting on a freely rotating bar-stool with your arms stretched out and a heavy glass mug in each hand. Your friend gives you a twist and you start rotating around a vertical axis though the center of the stool. You can assume that the bearing the stool turns on is frictionless, and that there is no net external torque present once you have started spinning. You now pull your arms and hands (and mugs) close to your body.

Physics 101: Lecture 19, Pg 3

Concept Question
What happens to your angular momentum as you pull in your arms? 1. it increases 2. it decreases 3. it stays the same CORRECT

L1

L
2

This is like the spinning skater example in the book. Since the net external torque is zero (the movement of the arms and hands involve internal torques), the angular momentum does not change.

Physics 101: Lecture 19, Pg 4

Concept Question
What happens to your angular velocity as you pull in your arms? 1 1. it increases CORRECT 2. it decreases 3. it stays the same

2 I2

I1 L

as with the skater example given in the book....as you pull your arms in toward the rotational axis, the moment of inertia decreases, and the angular velocity increases.

Physics 101: Lecture 19, Pg 5

Concept question
What happens to your kinetic energy as you pull in your arms? 1 1. it increases CORRECT 2. it decreases 3. it stays the same

2 I2

I1 L
K 1 1 2 2 I 2 I 2 2I 1 2 L 2I

(using L = I )

Your angular velocity increases and moment of inertia decreases, but angular velocity is squared, so KE will increase with increasing angular velocity

Physics 101: Lecture 19, Pg 6

Spinning disks

Two different spinning disks have the same angular momentum, but disk 2 has a larger moment of inertia than disk 1. Which one has the biggest kinetic energy ? (a) disk 1 (b) disk 2

Physics 101: Lecture 19, Pg 7

1 1 2 2 I 2 I 2 2I

1 2 L 2I

(using L = I )

If they have the same L, the one with the smallest I will have the biggest kinetic energy.
L I1 1

L I2 2

1 I1 < I2

disk 1

disk 2

Physics 101: Lecture 19, Pg 8

Preflights 7 & 8: Turning the bike wheel


A student sits on a barstool holding a bike wheel. The wheel is initially spinning CCW in the horizontal plane (as viewed from above). She now turns the bike wheel over. What happens? 1. She starts to spin CCW. 2. She starts to spin CW. 3. Nothing
CORRECT

Physics 101: Lecture 19, Pg 9

Turning the bike wheel...

Since there is no net external torque acting on the studentstool system, angular momentum is conserved.
Remenber,

L has a direction as well as a magnitude!

Initially: LINI = LW,I Finally: LFIN = LW,F + LS

LS
LW,I LW,I = LW,F + LS

LW,F

Physics 101: Lecture 19, Pg 10

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