Display Devices

ARVIND SARDAR

Types of Display
THREE main types

1 2 3

CRT Displays
The CRT display uses the same technology as the television.

CRT Displays
The vacuum glass tube has at the end of its neck a heated filament. The electrons emitted are attracted towards the face of the screen by the electric field created by the high tension (HT) voltage applied between the cathode and the anode. The beam of electrons passes through the focusing and deflection electrostatic plates or coils along the way. The beam of electrons passes through the focusing and deflection electrostatic plates or coils along the way. The brightness of the screen is dependent on the number of electrons hitting the phosphor, the display brightness is a function of the control voltage applied to the grid.

CRT Displays
The focusing anode forms the emitted electrons into a thin circular beam, so that the image created on the screen is a sharp well-defined spot. Deflection coils in the yoke point electron beam on the screen Two vertical deflection coils generate a field perpendicular in X direction of the electrons, allowing the electron beam to be scanned vertically. Two horizontal deflection coils do the same in the horizontal direction, thus enabling the beam to be positioned anywhere on the face of the tube.

Color display

Color display
A color monitor works in basically the same way as a monochrome monitor except that there are three electron guns These three guns are for the three primary colours, red, green, and blue.

Characteristics of CRT
Dot pitch:- aperture grille inside the CRT Resolution:- total number of horizontal pixels * total number of vertical pixels
Video bandwidth:- Highest input frequency Interlaced:- the gun scan from top to bottom, left to right with each complete scan displaying a frame. Avoid flickering and to get better resolution monitor uses interlaced scanning

Characteristics of CRT
Non interlaced:- All lines are scanned or displayed in one pass instead of two pass.

Disadvantages of CRT
They have a big back and take up space on desk. The electromagnetic fields emitted by CRT monitors constitute a health hazard to the functioning of living cells. CRTs emit a small amount of X-ray band radiation which can result in a health hazard. Constant refreshing of CRT monitors can result in headache. CRTs operate at very high voltage which can overheat system or result in an implosion Within a CRT a strong vacuum exists in it and can also result in a implosion They are heavy to pick up and carry around

Advantages of CRT
The cathode rayed tube can easily increase the monitors brightness by reflecting the light. They produce more colours The Cathode Ray Tube monitors have lower price rate than the LCD display or Plasma display. The quality of the image displayed on a Cathode Ray Tube is superior to the LCD and Plasma monitors. The contrast features of the cathode ray tube monitor are considered highly excellent.

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

Disadvantages of LCD
After a while the LCD display the some of the pixels will die you will see a discoloured spot on a black spot on the display. The cost of a LCD is considerably at a high price. The LCD display will have slow response times. The LCD display has a fixed resolution display and cannot be changed.

LCDs use analog interface making careful adjustment of pixel tracking/phase in order to reduce or eliminate digital noise in the image. The viewing angle of a LCD display is very limited due to the Automatic pixel tracking/phase controls.

Advantages of LCD
The sharpness of a LCD display is at maximum tweakness. Zero geometric distortion at the native resolution of the panel. High peak intensity produces very bright images. Best for brightly lit environments. Screens are perfectly flat. Thin, with a small footprint. Consume little electricity and

produce little heat The LCD display unit is very light and can be put anywhere or moved anywhere in the house. Lack of flicker and low glare reduce eyestrain.

How does it work & display

Liquid crystal displays work by the tiny pixels on the screen showing more than 20,000,000 colours an LCD screen is a multilayered, sideways sandwich. A fluorescent light source, known as the backlight. This light passes through the first of two polarizing filters. The polarized light then passes through a layer that contains thousands of liquid crystal pixels arrayed in tiny containers called cells. The cells are, in turn, arrayed in rows across the screen; one or more cells make up one pixel. Electric leads around the edge of the LCD create an electric field that twists the crystal molecule, which lines the light up with the second polarizing filter and allows it to pass through it.

LCD History
Liquid crystals were first discovered in 1888 by Austrian botanist Friedrich Reinitzer. Melt cholesterol-like substance. When cooled, the liquid turned blue before finally crystallizing. RCA made the first experimental LCD in (1968). Manufacturers have been developing creative variations and improvements since on LCDs.

From CRT to LCD

CRT Bulky, heavy, use vacuum tube technology. Using technology that was developed in the 19th century. LCD First LCD laptop monitors were very small due to manufacturing costs. Light, sleek, energy-efficient, have sharp picture.

Advantages of LCDs
Physical Size Compact and Lightweight Space saving Can be mounted on a wall or panel

Advantages of LCDs
Display Size Available at comparable in screen size as traditional CRT Shown on the next slide, a 12.1" LCD display (left) has only a slightly smaller viewing area than a typical 14" CRT monitor. Newer, larger LCD monitors are also appearing that have 15", 17", and even larger screen sizes that are comparable to the largest CRT monitors. (One thing to note is that LCD monitors are typically sized by their actual viewable diagonal measurement, but CRTs typically are not.)

Advantages of LCDs
Power Consumption and Radiation Emission Consume less energy and more durable A typical CRT losses approximately 50% of its brightness after 10,000 hours. An LCD bulb will maintain its brightness anywhere from 25,000 to 50,000 hours. LCD consumes fewer watts than a CRT. LCD will use an average 30 watts compared to 120 watts for the CRT. Can reduce electric bill by 40-85%. Uses a combination of fluorescent-based backlight, color filters, transistors, and liquid crystal to create and illuminate images. It blocks light rather emit light

Advantages of LCDs
Power Consumption and Radiation Emission
Doest not emit Radiation Not subject to Electromagnetic Interference

Advantages of LCDs
Viewing
Cause less eyestrain Does not flicker or glare

(Source: Dailey News June 2, 2002, TouchScreens.com, unicomplabs.com, TheVisualLink.com)

Disadvantages of LCDs
Resolution Displays Native Resolutions (Resolution that it displays best) Viewing Angle Smaller, needed to be viewed more directly from the front. From the side the images on an LCD screen can seem to disappear, or invert colors. Newer displays that are coming out have a wider viewing angle so this is not as much of an issue as it has been in the past.

Disadvantages of LCDs
Price Upfront cost it is more costly but long-term cost but will conserve energy in the long run. The energy savings may not be much for an individual use, but for a corporate office where 50 displays or more are in use, the energy savings might be more of an issue.

Disadvantages of LCDs
Installation Need a plug interface to connect to the computer. Some require a special digital plug-interface in order to work . Problem: is that this plug is not available on most computers, so another video card or adapter must be purchased to plug these LCD monitors into the computer.

Disadvantages of LCDs
Response Time It is much slower. The delay can cause a ghosting effect on images it displays.

(Source: TechRepublic.com, PCWorld.com, TouchScreens.com)

Disadvantages of CRTs
Physical size Takes more desktop space.

(Source: TechRepublic.com)

Active VS. Passive Display

Active Display Passive Display

TFT (Thin Film Transistor)

Video accelerator card

A VAC is an expansion card whose function is to generate o/p image to a display or it converts digital data into a graphical form which can be displayed on a monitor.