Bsc Computer Engineering Year II : Semester I 2010-2011 CMP2103: OOP
Lecture 3a : Classes and Objects in Java
Basics of Classes in Java
Adapted by Andrew Katumba Eng. Math. Dept
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Contents
Introduce to classes and objects in Java. Understand how some of the OO concepts learnt so far are supported in Java.
Understand important features in Java classes.
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Introduction
Java is a true OO language : anything we wish to represent in Java must be encapsulated in a class that defines the state and behaviour of the basic program components known as objects.
Classes create objects and objects use methods to communicate between them. They provide a convenient method for packaging a group of logically related data items and functions that work on them.
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Introduction Ctd.
A class essentially serves as a template for an object and behaves like a basic data type int. It is therefore important to understand how the fields and methods are defined in a class and how they are used to build a Java program that incorporates the basic OO concepts such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
Classes
A class is a collection of fields (data) and methods (procedure or function) that operate on that data.
Circle
centre radius
circumference() area()
Classes
A class is a collection of fields (data) and methods (procedure or function) that operate on that data. The basic syntax for a class definition:
class ClassName [extends SuperClassName] { [fields declaration] [methods declaration]
Bare bone class no fields, no methods public class Circle { // my circle class }
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Adding Fields: Class Circle with fields
Add fields
public class Circle { public double x, y; // centre coordinate public double r; // radius of the circle }
The fields (data) are also called the instance varaibles.
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Adding Methods
A class with only data fields has no life. Objects created by such a class cannot respond to any messages. Methods are declared inside the body of the class but immediately after the declaration of data fields. The general form of a method declaration is:
type MethodName (parameter-list) { Method-body; }
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Adding Methods to Class Circle
public class Circle {
public double x, y; // centre of the circle public double r; // radius of circle
//Methods to return circumference and area public double circumference() { return 2*3.14*r; } public double area() { Method Body return 3.14 * r * r; } }
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Data Abstraction
Declare the Circle class, have created a new data type Data Abstraction
Can define variables (objects) of that type:
Circle aCircle; Circle bCircle;
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Class of Circle cont.
aCircle, bCircle simply refers to a Circle object, not an object itself.
aCircle bCircle
null
null
Points to nothing (Null Reference)
Points to nothing (Null Reference)
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Creating objects of a class
Objects are created dynamically using the new keyword. aCircle and bCircle refer to Circle objects
aCircle = new Circle() ; bCircle = new Circle() ;
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Creating objects of a class
aCircle = new Circle(); bCircle = new Circle() ;
bCircle = aCircle;
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Creating objects of a class
aCircle = new Circle(); bCircle = new Circle() ;
bCircle = aCircle; Before Assignment
aCircle bCircle
Before Assignment
aCircle bCircle
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Automatic garbage collection
Q The object does not have a reference and cannot be used in future.
The object becomes a candidate for automatic garbage collection. Java automatically collects garbage periodically and releases the memory used to be used in the future.
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Accessing Object/Circle Data
Similar to C syntax for accessing data defined in a structure.
ObjectName.VariableName ObjectName.MethodName(parameter-list)
Circle aCircle = new Circle(); aCircle.x = 2.0 // initialize center and radius aCircle.y = 2.0 aCircle.r = 1.0
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Executing Methods in Object/Circle
Using Object Methods:
sent message to aCircle
Circle aCircle = new Circle(); double area; aCircle.r = 1.0; area = aCircle.area();
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Using Circle Class
// Circle.java: Contains both Circle class and its user class //Add Circle class code here class MyMain { public static void main(String args[]) { Circle aCircle; // creating reference aCircle = new Circle(); // creating object aCircle.x = 10; // assigning value to data field aCircle.y = 20; aCircle.r = 5; double area = aCircle.area(); // invoking method double circumf = aCircle.circumference(); System.out.println("Radius="+aCircle.r+" Area="+area); System.out.println("Radius="+aCircle.r+" Circumference ="+circumf); } } Radius=5.0 Area=78.5 Radius=5.0 Circumference =31.400000000000002
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Summary
Classes, objects, and methods are the basic components used in Java programming. We have discussed:
How How How How
to to to to
define a class create objects add data fields and methods to classes access data fields and methods to classes
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