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    Distillation Column Design

    Uploaded by

    Lohashenpahan Shanmuganantha
    This document provides an overview of distillation column design, including the use of MESH equations and key design parameters such as reflux ratio, number of theoretical stages, and feed tray location. It also outlines the steps for preliminary column design, including estimating pressure and using shortcut methods to calculate reflux ratio, number of stages, and feed tray location. An example of a depropanizer column design is provided.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Distillation Column Design

    Uploaded by

    Lohashenpahan Shanmuganantha
    674 views43 pages
    This document provides an overview of distillation column design, including the use of MESH equations and key design parameters such as reflux ratio, number of theoretical stages, and feed tray location. It also outlines the steps for preliminary column design, including estimating pressure and using shortcut methods to calculate reflux ratio, number of stages, and feed tray location. An example of a depropanizer column design is provided.

    Original Description:

    Slide about distillation columns in HYSYS

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    This document provides an overview of distillation column design, including the use of MESH equations and key design parameters such as reflux ratio, number of theoretical stages, and feed tray location. It also outlines the steps for preliminary column design, including estimating pressure and using shortcut methods to calculate reflux ratio, number of stages, and feed tray location. An example of a depropanizer column design is provided.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    674 views43 pages

    Distillation Column Design

    Uploaded by

    Lohashenpahan Shanmuganantha
    This document provides an overview of distillation column design, including the use of MESH equations and key design parameters such as reflux ratio, number of theoretical stages, and feed tray location. It also outlines the steps for preliminary column design, including estimating pressure and using shortcut methods to calculate reflux ratio, number of stages, and feed tray location. An example of a depropanizer column design is provided.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 43
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that distillation column design involves solving material and energy balance equations (MESH equations) simultaneously for each stage, and the main parameters to consider are reflux ratio, number of theoretical stages, feed tray location, and condenser and reboiler pressures.

    The main parameters considered in distillation column design are: reflux ratio, number of theoretical stages, feed tray location, and estimates of condenser and reboiler pressures. The pressure gradient in the column affects equilibrium temperatures and compositions at each stage.

    The main steps involved in distillation column design are: calculating preliminary pressures and splits, using short-cut distillation to estimate reflux ratio and number of stages, setting up the distillation column in simulation software using the preliminary values, and performing simulation.

    Distillation Column Design 1

    (Material developed based on Product and Process design principles:Synthesis, analysis and evaluation, 3e by Seader and Widagdo)

    Distillation column design


    MESH equations
    Rigorous analysis requires simultaneous solution of

    mathematical relationships for each stage.


    MESH equations: (1) Material Balances, (2) Equilibrium

    Relationships, (3) Summation Relationships, and (4) Heat (energy) Balances.

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Parameters
    1) Estimate of condenser and reboiler pressure

    2) Reflux Ratio, R

    Pressure gradient in the column affects the equilibrium temperature and composition at each stage Condenser pressure will be selected to enable the cooling of the vapor with cooling water

    3) Number of theoretical stages, N

    4) Feed tray location

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Column design steps


    Preliminary steps:
    Calculate Pressure - Splitter operation Calculate R, N, Nf Short cut distillation Set up distillation column Use the values obtained

    from the previous steps to start simulation

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Depropanizer example

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Splitter setup
    Preliminary steps:
    Define the material stream- Select SRK EOS Select splitter unit Select field as your unit

    Tools-Preferences-variables-

    units
    Install inlet, outlet and energy streams

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Splitter setup

    Select the splitter unit here

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Define splits

    Splits are defined based on the distillate specifications

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Parameter tab
    To start with, assume the condenser pressure is the

    same as feed pressure and the distillate vapor fraction as 1.

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Bottom pressure estimation


    Use SET unit to simulate a constant pressure drop

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Bottom pressure estimation


    Use SET unit to simulate a constant pressure drop

    This is the variable we control

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Bottom pressure estimation


    Select the pressure of the stream B and the source

    as stream D (since the pressure of D is used to calculate the pressure of B

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Bottom pressure estimation


    Assume a constant pressure drop

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Bottom pressure estimation


    The system is now converged. However, we need

    to recheck the condenser and reboiler pressure with the consideration of relative volatility.

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Time for exercise!

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Relative volatility
    We need to estimate relative volatility. We need to

    perform a case study to find the dependence of pressure on relative volatility

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Relative volatility
    Perform a case study to find the dependence of

    pressure on relative volatility on the new stream. Here, we created a clone of the feed to work on the case study.

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Relative volatility
    Volatility is defined at its bubble point. So, make

    the vapor fraction of feed as zero after deleting the temperature

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Spreadsheet
    Define alpha using spreadsheet

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Spreadsheet
    Import K values for the key components

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Spreadsheet
    Import K values for the key components

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Spreadsheet
    Import K values for the key components

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Spreadsheet
    Import K values for the key components

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Spreadsheet
    Estimate alpha values

    alpha prop-but

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Databook
    Now the case study can be performed using

    databook (control+D)

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Databook
    Open the variables in databook

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Databook
    Select the relative volatility and the pressure of feed

    2 as the variables

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Databook
    Select the relative volatility and the pressure of feed

    2 as the variables

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Databook
    Now start a case study (alpha). Our objective is to

    analyze the dependence of relative volatility on pressure.

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Databook
    Define the range of pressure at which the analysis

    will be conducted. Then start and view results

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Databook
    Alpha is inversely proportional to pressure. Since

    we target high alpha, select low pressure

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Time for exercise!

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Effect of pressure on temperature


    Alpha is inversely proportional to pressure. Since

    we target high alpha, select low pressure The effect of temperature-pressure at condenser and reboiler should be considered Use cooling water and steam to save the utility cost To enable reboiling with steam, the reboiler temperature should be lower than 366oF to allow efficient heat transfer when using high pressure steam at 150psia. To use cooling water in condenser, the condenser temperature should be around 100 -120oF.

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Effect of pressure on temperature


    Add a new case study-Temperature

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Effect of pressure on temperature


    Add the temperatures and pressures of

    streams B and D (Bs pressure is calculated by SET unit) and variables

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Effect of pressure on temperature


    Set the temperatures as dependant and

    pressure as independent variables.

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Effect of pressure on temperature


    Set the same range for pressure as in the

    previous case.

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Effect of pressure on temperature


    Set the same range for pressure as in the

    previous case.

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Effect of pressure on temperature


    View the result by pressing result button.

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Effect of pressure on temperature

    Since the Alpha change is only by 0.2 in the pressure range of 205psia

    and 265psia, we neglect the effects of alpha and take the benefit of heat exchange instead. Close the window and return to the splitter page.
    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Effect of pressure on temperature


    Even the temperature value at 300psia is well

    within the limit of not more that 366oF. At D-temperature, to fulfill the lower limit of 100oF, pressure must be about 205psia. D upper limit is 120oF which limit the pressure to 265psia. Since the pressure lies between 205psia and 265psia, higher temperature in condenser provides higher driving force and thus requires less area in condenser, an operating pressure of 250psia for condenser is selected.

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Condenser and reboiler pressure


    Check the results at the worksheet tab of

    splitter

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

    Condenser and reboiler pressure


    Check the results at the worksheet tab of

    splitter

    H83 PS1/H84 CFL

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