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Smart Grid

The document discusses smart grids, which use digital technology and two-way communication to improve reliability and efficiency in electricity generation, transmission and distribution. Some key points covered include: - The current grid is aging and largely fossil fuel-based, while smart grids enable greater use of renewable energy and reduce carbon emissions. - Smart grids provide benefits like reduced power losses, improved power quality, better demand response and self-healing abilities during outages. - Technologies discussed that enable smart grids are smart meters, phasor measurement units, high temperature superconducting wires, and distributed generation. - Challenges to large-scale smart grid adoption include high costs, lack of standardization

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Vivek Saini
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1K views29 pages

Smart Grid

The document discusses smart grids, which use digital technology and two-way communication to improve reliability and efficiency in electricity generation, transmission and distribution. Some key points covered include: - The current grid is aging and largely fossil fuel-based, while smart grids enable greater use of renewable energy and reduce carbon emissions. - Smart grids provide benefits like reduced power losses, improved power quality, better demand response and self-healing abilities during outages. - Technologies discussed that enable smart grids are smart meters, phasor measurement units, high temperature superconducting wires, and distributed generation. - Challenges to large-scale smart grid adoption include high costs, lack of standardization

Uploaded by

Vivek Saini
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A Seminar Report On

SMART GRID

Presented By.. Shubham sharma EE (2009-13) Roll No : 52

Basic structure of power system

What is grid ?
The transmission system of an area is known as

grid
Interconnection of grid forms regional grid Interconnection of regional grid forms national

grid

Present Grid
The present grid is to a large extent some 50 years old.

Its large part is a fossil fuel based system.


Today, we have an installed capacity of around

150,000MW. 400 million Indians still have no access to electricity.


Oil 1% Gas 11% Other 1% Wind 7%

Hydro 23%

Coal 54%

Nuclear 3%

The Challenges
The world demand for energy is expected to increase with

60% by 2030. Power outages costs the economy billions of dollars Providing better power quality

Fact: The Northeast blackout of 2003 in USA resulted in $6 billion of economic loss to the region.

Continued
Global Warming: Reducing CO2 emission

OECD:- Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development of twenty countries

Poor communications between utilities and the

ultimate consumer

What is Smart Grid?


A smart grid is a form of electricity network utilizing

digital technology. It consists of sensors , measurement and control devices through out the grid. Provides two way communication and power flow between consumer and utility. Self-healing.

Other names for a smart grid are :1.Smart electric or power grid 2.Intelligent grid 3.Future grid 4.Intergrid 5.Intragrid

Why Smart Grid?


Smart Grid enables better energy management. Proactive management of electrical network during

emergency situations. Better demand supply / demand response management. Better power quality Reduce carbon emissions.

Principle of working
A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using two-way digital communications to

control appliances at consumers home


This saves energy, reduces costs and increases

reliability and transparency

Goals of smart grid


enabling greater use of variable energy sources establishing the automation and monitoring

capabilities needed for bulk transmission at cross continent distances enabling the use of market forces to drive energy conservation.

Pillars of Smart Grid


Transmission Optimization

Demand Side Management


Distribution Optimization Successful Optimization

The Smart Grid brings together three kinds of technology


Smart Grid

Advanced Hardware

Advanced Software/System

Advanced Materials

PMUs

Power System Monitoring

Advanced Storage Devices

Advanced Motors

Distribution Automation

HTS wires

Distributed Energy Generation

Load Management System

Generation
Present Generation Centralized generation. Shortage of generation

Smart Generation Distributed Generation. It reduces the amount of energy lost in transmitting electricity because the electricity is generated very near where it is used. Renewable source of energy

Transmission
Present Transmission Large amount of transmission losses About 10% of the power is lost in transmission FACTS & HVDC Smart Transmission Much more efficient HTS wires PMUs for better monitoring and reliability
Fact: The grid in the United States loses an estimated 10% of all electricity generated before it can be sold to the customer, an amount roughly equal to the electricity generated in the entire continent of Africa.

HTS Wires
High temperature superconducting (HTS) wires.
Can carry 3-5 times of the power. Uses Liquid Nitrogen for maintaining the temperature

at -200oC. Projects are going on in Long Island, USA. Transmission losses will be minimized.
Superconducting tapes
Outer Shield

Liquid Nitrogen Thermal Envelope

Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)


A PMU is a device that measures the electrical waves

on an electricity grid to determine the health of the system It is one of the most important measuring devices in the future of power system Measures AC current/voltage waveforms Provides Wide Area Monitoring PGCIL have installed PMU at 4 substations in the Northern region and will install another 25 in western region

Distribution
Present Distribution We use electronic meters Power loss of around 20% Power theft Fixed rate per kWh of energy Smart Distribution Automatic Metering Infrastructure to be implemented. Computerized Smart Meter will be used. Variable rate per kWh of energy

Smart Meters
Two way communication
Computerized replacement of

existing model Contains a processor, non-volatile storage & communication facilities 10% less energy consumption by using smart meter India to install 130 million Smart Meters by 2020.

Home Area Network (HAN)

SMART METER

Comparison
Features
Communication Customer Interaction Maintenance

Now
None /One way, not real time Limited Manual equipment checks, time based maintenance Centralized Limited Prone to failure and cascading outages Manual Electro mechanical

Smart Grid
Two way , real time Extensive Remote monitoring, predictive, condition based maintenance Centralized and distributive Comprehensive Pro active, real-time protection and islanding Self-healing Digital

Generation Power flow control Reliability Restoration Metering

Benefits
Efficiency is improved Smart Metering Distributed Generation Lower losses Reliability Wide Area Monitoring Environmental Friendly Less CO2 released in atmosphere Renewable energy

PROBLEMS RELATED TO DEVELOPMENT OF SMART GRID ON LARGE SCALE


Large Economic Investment ($25 Billion) Lack of consistency and some of the fundamental

underlying technologies for the smart grid Means for storing and controlling the flow of massive quantities of energyhave yet to be invented Security of communication

Current Work
Republic Of Malta will the first Smart Grid country

with more than 250,000 smart meters being installed. South Korea to have a fully functional Smart Grid by 2020. Work going on in USA, China and Europe on large scale. Bangalore Electricity Supply Company is working on a Smart Grid pilot project.

Conclusion
The Smart Grid will revolutionize generation,

transmission, distribution and utilization of energy


It will make the Grid much more Reliable, efficient, flexible Environment friendly

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