Building intranet applications

with ASP.NET AJAX and jQuery

Alek Davis
2009
Intro

• Speaker
– Alek Davis: Technoblog: http://alekdavis.blogspot.com

• Goals
– Basic understanding of jQuery, ASP.NET AJAX
– Know how to build an application using ASP.NET AJAX and jQuery
– Know what can go wrong and how to fix common problems
– Know where find information, support, and tools

• Presentation
– Use as a reference
– References contain active hyperlinks
– Code samples

• Audience
– Expected to understand
• JavaScript: Basic JavaScript syntax
• ASP.NET: Postback, code-behind, viewstate, data binding

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Topics

• Technologies
– Rich Internet Applications (RIA)
– ASP.NET AJAX
– jQuery

• Pros and cons

– ASP.NET + AJAX + jQuery
– Other alternatives

• Development
– Web design
– Common patterns
– Caveats
– Tools
– Debugging

• References

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Rich internet applications (RIA)

• Server-side
• ASP/ASP.NET (Microsoft)
• JSP (Sun)
• PHP
• Client-side
– virtual machine (plug-in) based
• Flash/Flex (Adobe)
• Java/JavaFX (Sun)
• Gears (Google)
• Silverlight (Microsoft)
• BrowserPlus (Yahoo!)
• Curl
– JavaScript based
• ASP.NET AJAX
• Yahoo! User Inter Interface (YUI) Library
• Google AJAX APIs, Data (GData) APIs, …
• jQuery, Prototype, MooTools, Dojo, script.aculo.us, …

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Comparing RIA technologies

• Server-side
– Pros: ease of development
– Cons: user experience (flicker), server load, web traffic

• Client-side virtual machine based

– Pros: user experience, capabilities, platform support
– Cons: user experience, platform support, no HTML benefits

• Client-side JavaScript based

– Pros: user experience, availability, graceful degradation (NOSCRIPT)
– Cons: performance (less of an issue), browser specifics, JavaScript

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Choosing RIA technologies

• Assumptions
– Building intranet, line-of-business (LOB) application
– Using Microsoft stack (Visual Studio, etc)

• Criteria
– Utilize existing knowledge (ASP.NET)
– Development ease and speed
– Code maintainability
– Application performance

• Options
– ASP.NET AJAX
– AJAX libraries

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ASP.NET AJAX

• Quick facts
– Comes with Visual Studio 2008 (ASP.NET 3.5)
• Add-on for Visual Studio 2005
• Overview
– 3+ primary controls
• ScriptManager (required)
– Enables ASP.NET AJAX, partial page rendering, Web service calls
• UpdatePanel (optional)
– Partial page update (see also: UpdatePanel Tips and Tricks by Jeff Prosise)
• UpdateProgress (optional)
– Progress indicator
– Add-ons
• ASP.NET Control Toolkit
– Open-source project
– Last release: Aug 20, 2008; last update: Dec 17, 2008
• jQuery

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Learning ASP.NET AJAX

• Documentation
– Adding AJAX and Client Capabilities Roadmap
• Web sites
– http://ajax.asp.net (main site)
– http://asp.net/AJAX/Documentation/Live/ (old, but good examples)
– http://encosia.com/ (ASP.NET, AJAX, and more; articles, tutorials, tips, RSS)
– http://mattberseth.com/blog/aspnet_ajax/ (articles, tips, RSS)
• Presentations/talks/demos/screencasts
– ASP.NET AJAX 100 by Bruce Kyle (16 min)
– ASP.NET AJAX Futures by Bertrand Le Roy at PDC 2008 (84 min)
– Building Great AJAX Applications from Scratch Using ASP.NET 3.5 and Visual Studio 2008 by
Brad Adams at MIX 2008 (76 min)
– Real-World AJAX with ASP.NET by Nikhil Kothari at MIX 2008 (75 min)
• Books
– ASP.NET AJAX UpdatePanel Control by Matt Gibbs, Bertrand Le Roy
– More from Amazon

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jQuery

• Quick facts
– JavaScript library (file) created by John Resig
– Open source (MIT and GPL licenses; good for commercial use)
– Current version: 1.3 (released on January 21, 2009)
– Size: ~18 KB
– Browser support: IE 6+, Firefox 2+, Opera 9+, Safari 2+, Chrome
– Actively developed
– Large and active community
– Used by many companies (Google, IBM, Amazon, Dell, Netflix, Intel, …)
– Shipped with ASP.NET MVC Framework
– Will be included in next versions of Visual Studio
– 24/7 support by Microsoft through Product Support Services (PSS)

• See also
– Learning jQuery @ MIT (presented by John Resig at MIT)
• More facts, performance benchmarks, key features

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Learning jQuery

• Web sites
– http://jquery.com/ (downloads, docs, tutorials, bug tracker, forums)
– http://www.learningjquery.com/ (tips, techniques, tutorials, RSS)

• Tutorials/articles
– jQuery for Absolute Beginners (15 short videos, about 5 minutes each)
– An introduction to jQuery (Part 1: The Client Side)
– Using jQuery with ASP.NET (Part 2: Making Ajax Callbacks to the Server)

• Books
– Learning jQuery: … by Karl Swedberg & Jonathan Chaffer
– jQuery Reference Guide by Karl Swedberg & Jonathan Chaffer
– jQuery in Action by Bear Bibeault & Yehuda Katz

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jQuery basics

• Syntax
– $('select element').doSomething('info').doSomethingElse('more info');

• Selectors
– $('#txtSearchBox'): element with ID txtSearchBox
– $('.SelectedCell'): element(s) with class attribute SelectedCell
– $('#userGrid tr:even'): even rows of the element with ID userGrid
– $('input:checkbox[id$=\'chkDelete\']'): input element(s) of the type
checkbox with ID that ends with chkDelete
– $('img.ImgLink[id$=\'imgOK\'],img.ImgLink[id$=\'imgCancel\']'): IMG
element(s) with class attribute ImgLink and ID ending with imgOK or
imgCancel

• Animations
– $(…).hide() $(…).show()
– $(…).fadeIn("fast") $(…).fadeOut("slow")
– $(…).slideUp(1000) $(…).slideDown(5000)
– …

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More jQuery

• Common operations
– $(…).preventDefaults(): prevents default behavior
– $(…).attr(): sets/gets attribute value
– $(…).css(): sets/gets CSS attribute value
– $(…).val(): sets/gets value of a text input element (text box, text area)
– $(…).text(): sets/gets text value of an element (span, etc)
– …

• Events
– $(…).click(function(e){ … }): on click event handler
– $(…).keydown(function(e){ … }): on key down event handler
– $(…).hover(function(){ … }, function()): on hover (in and out) event
handler
– $(…).bind("eventX eventY …", …): binds one or more event to event hander
– …

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jQuery extras

• jQuery UI
– jQuery widgets
• Handle drag-and-drop, sorting, resizing, selecting
• Accordion, date picker, dialog, progress bar, slider, tabs controls
• Effects (color animation, class transitions, theming)

• Plugins
– Third party widgets
• User interface
• Data manipulation
• AJAX
• …
– See also: Plugins/Authoring

• See also
– http://docs.jquery.com/ (documentation)

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jQuery demo

• Features
– Custom search box
• Auto-show, auto-hide
• Submit, cancel
• Buttons and keyboard
• Input validation

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ASP.NET AJAX + jQuery benefits

• Why ASP.NET?
– Server-side (code-behind) programming

• Why ASP.NET AJAX?

– Simple partial page updates and progress indicator
– Simple asynchronous postbacks and partial page updates
– Can reuse code-behind (no additional code for Web services)
– Graceful degradation (<NOSCRIPT>)
– Less JavaScript code

• Why jQuery?
– Efficient, small, clean JavaScript; shields from browser specifics
– Complements ASP.NET AJAX: offers animations, selectors, plugins
– Minor overlap with ASP.NET AJAX (unlike other JavaScript libraries)

• Why ASP.NET AJAX (UpdatePanel, UpdateProgress) + jQuery?

– Less code (clean code)
– Reasonable efficiency (not the best, but good enough)

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ASP.NET AJAX + jQuery limitations

• Why not use ASP.NET AJAX (UpdatePanel, UpdateProgress) +

jQuery?
– Performance (in certain scenarios)
– HTML payload
– ViewState size
– Not pure

• Alternatives
– ASP.NET AJAX + DHTML
– ASP.NET (without AJAX) + jQuery
– ASP.NET AJAX (without UpdatePanel) + jQuery
– ASP.NET AJAX + ASP.NET AJAX Toolkit + jQuery (just kidding)

• Video (good talk describing one alternative)

– ASP.NET and jQuery by Stephen Walther at PDC 2008 (74 min)

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Web development

• Design skills
– Don't Make Me Think by Steve Krug
– The Non-Designer's Design Book by Robin Williams
– SitePoint TechTimes and SitePoint Design View newsletters

• Graphics (*free* icons)

– Visual Studio 2008 Image Library
– Sweetie icons (2 collections: BasePack and WebCommunication)
– ICONlook: the icon search
– Crystal Project (see also Crystal Clear)
– See also: 14 Free Icon Resources

• CSS frameworks
– BlueprintCSS
– YUI Grid CSS
– See also: List of CSS frameworks

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Browsers and tools

• Firefox
– Use IE Tab add-on to switch between Firefox and IE views
– Use Web Developer add-on/toolbar for… lots of things
– Use Firebug add-on for debugging
• console.log is your friend
– Use YSlow add-on to see performance score
– More add-ons
• iMacros creates macros for task automation
• FireRainbow enables JavaScript syntax highlighting for Firebug

• Internet Explorer
– Use Fiddler to debug HTTP traffic
– Use Internet Explorer Developer Toolbar for debugging
– Use IE7Pro add-on for "everything" else

• Web tools
– jQuery API Browser
– Visual jQuery

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ASP.NET AJAX + jQuery demo

• Features
– ASP.NET AJAX (.NET 3.5) + jQuery 1.3
– Repeater control
• Each item in Repeater is an UpdatePanel
• Each UpdatePanel holds an UpdateProgress control
– jQuery is responsible for DHTML operations

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Application settings and configuration

• Enable a Visual Studio project for ASP.NET AJAX

– Set Target Framework (in the project Properties – Application tab) to
.NET Framework 3.5
– For upgraded projects (e.g. migrated from VS 2005 to VS 2008)
• Don't use <xhtmlConformance mode="Legacy"/> in Web.config;
otherwise, you may get the following error:

"'Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManager' is null or not an object"

– See Scott Guthrie's post (read comments on suggestions for customization of the
xhtmConformance settings)

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Adding ASP.NET AJAX functionality

• Use ScriptManager control

– Set EnablePartialRendering attribute to true

<asp:ScriptManager
id="ScriptManager1"
EnablePartialRendering="true"
runat="server">
…
</asp:ScriptManager>

– Include references to JavaScript files in the <Scripts> section

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Using jQuery in a project

• Options
– Option 1: Reference distribution source (Google)
• Pros: Download speed, caching, proximity
• Cons: External reference
– Option 2: Make your own copy
• Pros: Internal reference
• Cons: Download speed (possibly)
• Example
<asp:ScriptManager …>
<Scripts>
<asp:ScriptReference Path="~/Scripts/jQuery-1.3.1-vsdoc.js" />
</Scripts>
</asp:ScriptManager>

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jQuery and IntelliSense

• The documentation (-vsdoc.js) file

– Use for documentation only (the official file at Google is buggy)
– If official version is not available (e.g. immediately after release)
• Generate vsdoc file via InfoBasis JQuery IntelliSense Header Generator
– Generated stub file contains no code (only comments)

• Usage options
– If using VS 2008 SP1
• Install hotfix KB958502 (see Visual Studio patched for better jQuery IntelliSense)
• Add the vsdoc file to the project; do not reference it in code
• Vsdoc file must have the same name as the original with –vsdoc suffix
– If not using VS 2008 SP1 (also see the Resources slide)
• Add the vsdoc file to the project
• Wrap the vsdoc file in an invisible control (use appropriate name):
<asp:Label Visible="false" runat="server">
<script src="../Scripts/jQuery-1.3.1-vsdoc.js" type="text/javascript" />
</asp:Label>
• In JavaScript files, add at the top (use appropriate name):
/// <reference path="jQuery-1.3.1-vsdoc.js"/>

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jQuery code

• Traditional jQuery code

– Does not work after partial postback
$(document).ready(function() // or $(function()
{
// JavaScript code here
// …
});

• ASP.NET AJAX-specific jQuery

– Works after partial postback
//$(function()
function pageLoad(sender, args)
{
// JavaScript code here
// …
}
//});

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UpdateProgress control

• Basics
– Works with UpdatePanel control
– Invisible during initial page load and full postback
– Visible only during partial postback
– Can implement UpdateProgress as a user control

• Advanced
– Modal UpdateProgress for UpdatePanel – Revisited by Damien White

• *Free* progress indicators (graphics)

– Activity indicators
– Ajaxload: Ajax loading gif generator

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Anatomy of a postback

• Full postback
– Client  server: GET (initial request, URL)
– Server  client: <HTML>…<BODY></BODY></HTML>
– Client  server: POST (form data, including VIEWSTATE)
– Server  client: <HTML>…<BODY></BODY></HTML>

• Partial postback
– Client  server: GET (initial request, URL)
– Server  client: <HTML>…<BODY></BODY></HTML>
– Client  server: POST (form data, including VIEWSTATE)
– Server  client: <DIV id="UpdatePanelID"></DIV>, VIEWSTATE

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UpdatePanel control

• Basics
– Embeds contents in the <DIV></DIV> tags
– Set UpdateMode attribute to Conditional
– Not everything can be implemented as an UpdatePanel
• Cannot include <TR> elements in UpdatePanel
• Using UpdatePanel with data-bound controls
– Using Eval (slower)
<asp:ImageButton … CommandArgument='<%# DataBinder.Eval("ID") %>'/>
– Using DataBinder.GetPropertyValue (faster)
<a …><%# DataBinder.GetPropertyValue(Container.DataItem, "Name") %></a>
– For complex formatting use String.Format
<asp:HyperLink …
NavigateUrl='<%# String.Format("?ID={0}&Mode={1}", Eval("ID"),
Eval("Mode")) %>' />

• Accessing controls in UpdatePanel

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How to find a control?

• Helper function
– Find control recursively
public static Control FindControl(Control start, string id) {
Control foundControl;
if (start != null) {
foundControl = start.FindControl(id);
if (foundControl != null) return foundControl;
foreach (Control c in start.Controls) {
foundControl = FindControl(c, id);
if (foundControl != null) return foundControl;
}
}
return null;
}

• See also
Generic Recursive Find Control Extension by Brendan Enrick
ASP.NET 2.0 MasterPages and FindControl() by Rick Strahl

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Accessing UpdatePanel from code-behind

• Access UpdatePanel control

private void someCtrl_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
…
UpdatePanel updPanel = FindControl((Control)sender, "updPanel") as
UpdatePanel;
…
}

• Access controls hosted by UpdatePanel

HtmlTable tbl = Helper.FindControl(updPanel, "tblDetails") as HtmlTable;
LinkButton lnk = Helper.FindControl(updPanel, "lnkItem") as LinkButton;
ImageButton img = Helper.FindControl(updPanel, "imgDetails") as
ImageButton;

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Find controls via jQuery

• If you do not know IDs of elements (e.g. in Repeater)

– Example: Make sure that check box A gets checked and disabled when
user checks box B (both check boxes belong to a repeater item and have
IDs chkA and chkB)
$('input:checkbox[id$=\'chkB\']').click(function(e)
{
var elemID = $(e.target).attr('id');
var prefixID = elemID.replace(/chkB$/i, "");
var elemIDchkA = "#" + elemID.replace(/chkB$/, "chkA");

if (this.checked)
{
$(elemIDchkA).attr('checked', 'true');
$(elemIDchkA).attr('disabled', 'true');
}
else
$(elemIDchkA).removeAttr('disabled');
});

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What is $(this)?

• this can have different contexts

– Most common contexts
• Context #1: JavaScript DOM element
– Inside of a callback function (click, hover, …)
• Context #2: jQuery object
– Inside of custom jQuery function
• Context #3: JavaScript object
– Such as an array element

• What about $(this)?

– $(this) converts a DOM object into a jQuery object
• To convert a jQuery object to a DOM object use:
– $(…).get(0) or $(…)[0]

• See also
– What is this? By Mike Alsup
– jQuery's this: demystified by Remy Sharp

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Partial postback

• Detecting partial postback

– In code-behind

if (ScriptManager1.IsInAsyncPostBack)
{
…
}

– In JavaScript

function pageLoad(sender, args)

{
if (args.get_isPartialLoad())
{
…
}
}

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Handle concurrent partial postbacks

• Default behavior
– Cancels running postback and switch to the new postback (confusing)
• Custom behavior
– Options: show error message, …
• How
Sys.Application.add_load(ApplicationLoadHandler);
function ApplicationLoadHandler(sender, args) {
if (!Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManager.getInstance().get_isInAsyncPostBack())

Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManager.getInstance().add_initializeRequest(InitializeRequest);
}
function InitializeRequest(sender, args) {
if (Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManager.getInstance().get_isInAsyncPostBack()) {
args.set_cancel(true);
alert('Please wait until the already running operation finishes processing and
retry.');
}
}
Sys.Application.notifyScriptLoaded();

• Example
Giving Precedence to a Specific Asynchronous Postback

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Customize postbacks

• Default behavior
– Children of UpdatePanel automatically invoke (partial) postback
• Unless AutoPostBack property is set to false
• Custom behavior
– Can specify which controls/events perform partial/full updates
• Use <Triggers> section of UpdatePanel control
<asp:UpdatePanel … UpdateMode="Conditional">
<Triggers>
<asp:PostBackTrigger ControlID="btnFull" EventName="Click" />
<asp:AsyncPostBackTrigger ControlID="btnPartial" EventName="Click" />
</Triggers>
<ContentTemplate>
…
</ContentTemplate>
</asp:UpdatePanel>

• See also
– Understanding ASP.NET AJAX UpdatePanel Triggers

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Handle errors from partial postback

• Default behavior
– Does not display errors (non-documented change in ASP.NET 3.5)

• Custom behavior
– Show error message box, or show inline error message, or …

• How
– Add OnAsyncPostbackError attribute to ScriptManager element
<asp:ScriptManager …
OnAsyncPostbackError="ScriptManager1_AsyncPostBackError">
– In OnAsyncPostbackError event handler, set AsyncPostBackErrorMessage
property of the ScriptManager object (see next slide)
ScriptManager1.AsyncPostBackErrorMessage = e.Exception.Message;
– Add JavaScript code to handle error event and process error message
Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManager.getInstance().add_endRequest(EndRequest);
function EndRequest(sender, args){/* see next slide */}

• Examples
– Handling Errors During a Partial-page Postback by Matthew Ellis
– How to improve ASP.NET AJAX error handling by Dave Ward (read comments)
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Error handlers

• Server-side (code-behind)
protected void ScriptManager1_AsyncPostBackError(object sender,
AsyncPostBackErrorEventArgs e) {
if (e.Exception.Data["UserError"] == null)
ScriptManager1.AsyncPostBackErrorMessage = e.Exception.Message;
else
ScriptManager1.AsyncPostBackErrorMessage = e.Exception.Data["UserError"].ToString();
}

• Client-side (JavaScript)
function EndRequest(sender, args) {
if (!args.get_error()) return true;

if (args.get_error().message == null || args.get_error().message.length == 0)

return true;

// Get message without the prefix (name of exception type).

var msg = args.get_error().message.replace(/^[^:]+:\s*/, "");

if (msg == null || msg.length == 0) return true;

alert(msg);
args.set_errorHandled(true);
}

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Processing control info

• In ASPX code
<asp:LinkButton …
ID="lnkItem"
Text='<%# Eval("Name") %>'
OnClientClick='<%# String.Format("return ToggleDetails(\"{0}\");",
lnkItem.ClientID) %>'
OnClick="lnkItem_Click"
CommandArgument='<%# Eval("ID") %>' />

• In JavaScript
function ToggleDetails(elemID) {
…
if (/* panel has not been initialized, pass event to server */)
return true;

// Assume that $(…) returns a details panel

if ($(…).is(':visible')) $(…).hide();
else $(…).show();

// Suppress default operation caused by click event.

return false;
}

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Obtaining control info in code-behind

• In code-behind
private void lnkItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
…
int id = 0;
if (sender is LinkButton)
id = Convert.ToInt32(((LinkButton)sender).CommandArgument);
else
…
…
}

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Other ASP.NET AJAX considerations

• ViewState
– May need to disable ViewState for controls updated via JavaScript

• Invisible elements
– Be careful with <… Visible="false" />; jQuery may not find these
elements
• Use <… style="display:none;" /> if possible
– See also
• ATLAS UpdatePanel problem with Postback Scripts and invisible controls by Rick Strahl

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Other jQuery considerations

• Text values
– Know when to use $(…).text() or $(…).val()

• Prevent default behavior

– Use e.PreventDefaults or return false from function

• Repeated click events

– Not sure why

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What's next?

• Interesting topics
– Page methods (see ASP.NET AJAX Page Methods by Damien White)
– jQuery, UpdatePanel, UpdateProgress in master pages
– jQuery, UpdatePanel, UpdateProgress in user controls
– Calling Web services via client-side proxy classes in ASP.NET AJAX
– Using client templates in ASP.NET 4.0 AJAX
– Using jQuery plugins
– Writing jQuery plugins
– Using jQuery UI

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Videos

• Presentations/talks/demos/videocasts/samples
– Performance Improvements in Browsers by John Resig at Google (92 min)
– MIX08 Presentation : Real-World AJAX with ASP.NET Video by Nikhil Kothari (references to
presentations/demos/talks/samples)
– ASP.NET 3.5: Adding AJAX Functionality to an Existing ASP.NET Page by Todd Miranda
– ASP.NET Podcast Show #128 - AJAX with jQuery by Wallace B. (Wally) McClure

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Resources

• JavaScript
– Create Advanced Web Applications With Object-Oriented Techniques by Ray Djajadinata
• jQuery
– The Grubbsian: jQuery (a few interesting articles)
– jQuery for JavaScript programmers by Simon Willison
• jQuery, ASP.NET, AJAX
– Tales from the Evil Empire by Bertrand Le Roy
– Blog - Microsoft .NET, ASP.NET, AJAX and more by Visoft, Inc.
• IntelliSense
– JQuery 1.3 and Visual Studio 2008 IntelliSense by James Hart
– (Better) JQuery IntelliSense in VS2008 by Brad Vin
– JScript IntelliSense FAQ
• Rich Internet Applications (RIA)
– Developing rich Internet applications (RIA) by Alek Davis (links to many samples)
• CSS
– Which CSS Grid Framework Should You Use for Web Design?

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