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Module 1: Analytic Geometry 1

The document discusses analytic geometry and the rectangular coordinate system. It covers fundamental concepts such as the distance formula, relationships between slopes of parallel and perpendicular lines, and formulas for the midpoint and slope of a line. It provides examples of problems involving finding distances, slopes, midpoints, and loci (paths) that satisfy certain geometric properties.

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DaNiel AUreus
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
825 views

Module 1: Analytic Geometry 1

The document discusses analytic geometry and the rectangular coordinate system. It covers fundamental concepts such as the distance formula, relationships between slopes of parallel and perpendicular lines, and formulas for the midpoint and slope of a line. It provides examples of problems involving finding distances, slopes, midpoints, and loci (paths) that satisfy certain geometric properties.

Uploaded by

DaNiel AUreus
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Analytic Geometry

The Basics
Rectangular Coordinate System Cartesian Coordinate System
y x1 : abscissa y1 : ordinate P (x1 , y1) P (6 , 5)

Fundamental Concepts
1. The distance formula

P1(x1 , y1) P1(x1 , y1 , z1) x

P2(x2 , y2 , z2)

P2(x2 , y2)

12 =

1 2

+ 1 2

12 =

1 2

+ 1 2

+ 1 2

Fundamental Concepts
2. The distance between two parallel lines + + 2 = 0 y L1 d x P(x1 , y1) + + 1 = 0
1 2

3. The distance between a point and a line

y L2 L2 + + = 0 L x

2 +2

1+1+ 2 +2

Fundamental Concepts
4. Division of a line segment

y P1(x1 , y1)

Pm(xm , ym)
x P2(x2 , y2)

= 2 + = 2 +

2 12 2 12

(1 2) (1 2)

Fundamental Concepts
5. The midpoint formula 6. Inclination and slope of a line

y P1(x1 , y1) L2 2

L1 1

Pm(xm , ym)
x P2(x2 , y2)

= =

1 (1 2 1 (1 2

+ 2) + 2)

The inclination of a line is the angle measured counter clock wise from the positive x axis to the line. The slope of the line with inclination is given by the equation = . Where m is the slope of the line.

Fundamental Concepts
7. The slope of the line given any two points 8. Relationship between slopes of parallel lines

y P1(x1 , y1) m x P2(x2 , y2)

L1

m1
1 2

L2 m2 x

1 2 1 2

If L1 // L2 , then 1 = 2 Hence, m1 = m2

Fundamental Concepts
9. Relationship between slopes of perpendicular lines 10. Angle between two lines L2 L1 m1 y

L2
y

L1
m1

1
m2

2 x m2

1 2 = tan 1 + 90 = 1 2 = 1 1

= tan1(1) + tan1 ( 2)

Problems
Problem 1. What is the distance between the points A and B defined by A(cosA , -sinA) and B(sinA , cosA) ?

Answer: d = sqrt(2)
Problem 2. Determine the coordinates of the point which is 3/5 of the way from the point ( 2 , -5) to the point ( - 3 , 5). Answer: (-1 , 1) Problem 3. Find the inclination of the line passing through ( -5 , 3 ) and ( 10 , 7). Answer: = 14.93

Problems
Problem 4. The midpoint of the line segment between P1(x1 , y1) and P2( -2 , 4) is P(2 , -1). Find the coordinates of P1.

Answer: (6 , -6)
Problem 5. The segment from ( -1 , 4 ) to ( 2 , -2) is extended three times its own length. What is the terminal point? Answer: (11 , -20) Problem 6. A point P ( x , 2) is equidistant from the points ( -2 , 9 ) and ( 4 , -7 ). What is the value of x? Answer: = 14.93

Problems
Problem 7. A point moves so that its distance from the point ( 2 , -1 ) is equal to its distance from the x axis. What is the equation of the locus?

Answer: 2 4 + 2 + 5

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