Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Mary B. Prescott, Fred R. Mcfadden: Modern Database Management 8 Edition

Modern Database Management 8th Edition
Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Mary B. Prescott, Fred R. McFadden

Chapter 9
2007 by Prentice Hall FAROOQ
Chapter 9: The Client/Server Database Environment
Objectives
Definition of terms List advantages of client/server architecture Explain three application components: presentation, processing, and storage Suggest partitioning possibilities Distinguish between file server, database server, 3tier, and n-tier approaches Describe and discuss middleware Explain database linking via ODBC and JDBC
Chapter 9
Client/Server Systems
Networked computing model Processes distributed between clients and servers ClientWorkstation (usually a PC) that requests and uses a service ServerComputer (PC/mini/mainframe) that provides a service For DBMS, server is a database server
Chapter 9
Application Logic in C/S Systems

Presentation Logic

Inputkeyboard/mouse Outputmonitor/printer
GUI Interface
Processing Logic

I/O processing Business rules Data management

Data storage/retrieval
Procedures, functions, programs
Storage Logic
DBMS activities
4
Chapter 9
Client/Server Architectures
File Server Architecture Database Server Architecture Three-tier Architecture
Client does extensive processing
Client does little processing

Chapter 9
File Server Architecture

All processing is done at the PC that requested the data FAT CLIENT Entire files are transferred from the server to the client for processing Problems:
Huge amount of data transfer on the network Each client must contain full DBMS
Heavy resource demand on clients Client DBMSs must recognize shared locks, integrity checks, etc. Chapter 9
Figure 9-2 File Server Architecture
FAT CLIENT
Chapter 9
Two-Tier Database Server Architectures

Client is responsible for
I/O processing logic Some business rules logic
Server performs all data storage and access processing

DBMS is only on server
Chapter 9
Advantages of Two-Tier Approach

Clients do not have to be as powerful Greatly reduces data traffic on the network Improved data integrity since it is all processed centrally Stored procedures DBMS code that performs some business rules done on server
Chapter 9
Advantages of Stored Procedures

Compiled SQL statements Reduced network traffic Improved security Improved data integrity Thinner clients
Chapter 9
10
Figure 9-3 Two-tier database server architecture
Thinner clients
DBMS only on server

Chapter 9
11
Three-Tier Architectures
Client
Application server Database server
GUI interface (I/O processing) Business rules
Browser
Web Server
Data storage
DBMS
Thin Client
PC just for user interface and a little application processing. Limited or no data storage (sometimes no hard drive)
Chapter 9
12
Figure 9-4 Three-tier architecture Thinnest clients
Business rules on separate server

DBMS only on DB server
Chapter 9
13
Advantages of Three-Tier Architectures

Scalability Technological flexibility Long-term cost reduction Better match of systems to business needs Improved customer service Competitive advantage Reduced risk
Chapter 9
14
Application Partitioning
Placing portions of the application code in different locations (client vs. server) AFTER it is written Advantages
Improved performance Improved interoperability Balanced workloads
15
Chapter 9
Common Logic Distributions

Figure 9-5a Two-tier clientserver environment Processing logic could be at client, server, or both
Figure 9-5b n-tier clientserver environment Processing logic will be at application server or Web server
Chapter 9
16
Role of the Mainframe

Mission-critical legacy systems have tended to remain on mainframes Distributed client/server systems tend to be used for smaller, workgroup systems Difficulties in moving mission critical systems from mainframe to distributed
Determining which code belongs on server vs. client Identifying potential conflicts with code from other applications Ensuring sufficient resources exist for anticipated load
Rule of thumb
Mainframe for centralized data that does not need to be moved Client for data requiring frequent user access, complex graphics, and user interface Chapter 9
17
Middleware
Software that allows an application to interoperate with other software No need for programmer/user to understand internal processing Accomplished via Application Program Interface (API)
The glue that holds client/server applications together

Chapter 9
18
Types of Middleware
Remote Procedure Calls (RPC)
client makes calls to procedures running on remote computers synchronous and asynchronous
Message-Oriented Middleware (MOM)

asynchronous calls between the client via message queues
push technology server sends information to client when available
Object Request Broker (ORB)

object-oriented management of communications between clients and servers
SQL-oriented Data Access

middleware between applications and database servers
19
Chapter 9
Publish/Subscribe
Database Middleware
ODBCOpen Database Connectivity
Most DB vendors support this
OLE-DB
Microsoft enhancement of ODBC
JDBCJava Database Connectivity

Special Java classes that allow Java applications/applets to connect to databases
20
Chapter 9
Client/Server Security
Network environment complex security issues Security levels:
System-level password security
for allowing access to the system
Database-level password security Secure client/server communication

via encryption
for determining access privileges to tables; read/update/insert/delete privileges
21
Chapter 9
Keys to Successful Client-Server Implementation

Accurate business problem analysis Detailed architecture analysis Architecture analysis before choosing tools Appropriate scalability Appropriate placement of services Network analysis Awareness of hidden costs Establish client/server security
Chapter 9
22
Benefits of Moving to Client/Server Architecture

Staged delivery of functionality speeds deployment GUI interfaces ease application use Flexibility and scalability facilitates business process reengineering Reduced network traffic due to increased processing at data source Facilitation of Web-enabled applications
Chapter 9
23
Using ODBC to Link External Databases Stored on a Database Server

Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)
API provides a common language for application programs to access and process SQL databases independent of the particular RDBMS that is accessed
Required parameters:
ODBC driver Back-end server name Database name User id and password
Additional information:
Data source name (DSN) Windows client computer name Client application programs executable name
Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) is similar to ODBCbuilt specifically for Java applications
24
Chapter 9
ODBC Architecture
(Figure 9-6)
Client does not need to know anything about the DBMS
Application Program Interface (API) provides common interface to all DBMSs
Each DBMS has its own ODBC-compliant driver 25
Chapter 9

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Modern Database Management 8th Edition

Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Mary B. Prescott, Fred R. McFadden

2007 by Prentice Hall FAROOQ

Chapter 9: The Client/Server Database Environment

2007 by Prentice Hall FAROOQ

2007 by Prentice Hall FAROOQ

Application Logic in C/S Systems

I/O processing Business rules Data management

Procedures, functions, programs

Client does extensive processing

Client does little processing

2007 by Prentice Hall FAROOQ

File Server Architecture

2007 by Prentice Hall FAROOQ

Figure 9-2 File Server Architecture

2007 by Prentice Hall FAROOQ

Two-Tier Database Server Architectures

I/O processing logic Some business rules logic

Server performs all data storage and access processing

Advantages of Two-Tier Approach

2007 by Prentice Hall FAROOQ

Advantages of Stored Procedures

2007 by Prentice Hall FAROOQ

Figure 9-3 Two-tier database server architecture

DBMS only on server

2007 by Prentice Hall FAROOQ

2007 by Prentice Hall FAROOQ

Figure 9-4 Three-tier architecture Thinnest clients

Business rules on separate server

2007 by Prentice Hall FAROOQ

Advantages of Three-Tier Architectures

2007 by Prentice Hall FAROOQ

Common Logic Distributions

Role of the Mainframe

2007 by Prentice Hall FAROOQ

The glue that holds client/server applications together

2007 by Prentice Hall FAROOQ

Message-Oriented Middleware (MOM)

push technology server sends information to client when available

Object Request Broker (ORB)

SQL-oriented Data Access

2007 by Prentice Hall FAROOQ

JDBCJava Database Connectivity

Database-level password security Secure client/server communication

for determining access privileges to tables; read/update/insert/delete privileges

Keys to Successful Client-Server Implementation

2007 by Prentice Hall FAROOQ

Benefits of Moving to Client/Server Architecture

2007 by Prentice Hall FAROOQ

Using ODBC to Link External Databases Stored on a Database Server

Application Program Interface (API) provides common interface to all DBMSs

Each DBMS has its own ODBC-compliant driver 25

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