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Basic Machine Tools: Nikunj Patel

This document provides an overview of basic machine tools, specifically focusing on lathe machines, drilling machines, shaper machines, and milling machines. It defines machine tools and classifies them into basic/general purpose machines, production machines, and special purpose machines. For each machine type, it describes the working principle, classifications, construction, specifications, operations performed, tools and workholding devices used. The document contains detailed information on lathe machines, including 13 types of lathe operations and 12 common lathe accessories.

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Ishan Patel
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839 views23 pages

Basic Machine Tools: Nikunj Patel

This document provides an overview of basic machine tools, specifically focusing on lathe machines, drilling machines, shaper machines, and milling machines. It defines machine tools and classifies them into basic/general purpose machines, production machines, and special purpose machines. For each machine type, it describes the working principle, classifications, construction, specifications, operations performed, tools and workholding devices used. The document contains detailed information on lathe machines, including 13 types of lathe operations and 12 common lathe accessories.

Uploaded by

Ishan Patel
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A Presentation on

BASIC MACHINE TOOLS

By

Nikunj Patel

S.B.POLYTECHNIC, SAVLI MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT


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INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION OF MACHINE TOOL: Machines using power which are used for metal cutting processes are called machine tools.

CLASSIFICATION OF MACHINE TOOLS: 1. Basic machine tools/ general purpose machine tools (Lathe m/c) 2. Production machine tools (Capstan lathe) 3. Special purpose machine tools (Piston turning lathe )

BASIC MACHINE TOOLS ARE..


Lathe machine

Milling machine
Drilling machine Shaper machine Planer machine Slotting machine Boring machine
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1. Lathe machine
Working principle of lathe:

The work piece is either held in chuck or between two centers and rotated. Suitable cutting tool is held in tool post and by selecting suitable cutting parameters and with relative working motion between work piece and cutting tools. Unwanted material is removed from the work piece in the form of chip to get desired chip to get desired shape, size and finish.
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Classification of lathe
According to designed characteristics and operation lathe are classified as:

1) Speed lathe (variable speed)


2) Engine lathe (centre lathe.steam engine)

3) Bench lathe (mounted on work benchfor small job)


4) Tool room lathe (make small tools in shop floor)

5) Capstan and turret lathe (for production lathe)


6) Special purpose lathe

7) Automatic lathe (heavy duty mass production)

Construction of lathe machine

Specification of lathe machine

--- - --- - --- - --- - --- - --- - ---

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Height of centre: B Swing diameter over bed: 2B Length between centers: A Swing diameter over carriage: 2C Max. bar diameter Length of bed

Some other specifications are...


The width and depth of bed 2. The width and depth of gap in case of gap bed lathe 3. Swing over gap 4. Diameter of spindle nose 5. More stepper of centers 6. Spindle speed range and number 7. Pitch of lead screw 8. Capacity of motor
1.

Lathe accessories:
1. Four jaw independent chuck 2. Three jaw universal or self centering chuck 3. Combination chuck 4. Magnetic chuck 5. Collet chuck 6. Drill chuck 7. Carrier or dog 8. Dividing plate or catch plate 9. Face plate 10.Angle plate 11.Mandrel 12.Rest 13.Tool posts
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Lathe operations
Operation which are performed either by holding the work piece between centers or in chuck:
1. 2. 3.

4.
5. 6. 7.

Straight turning Taper turning Facing Chamfering Thread cutting Knurling Grooving

8. Filing 9. Spinning 10. Forming 11. Polishing 12. Eccentric turning 13. Shoulder turning 14. Spring winding

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Operation which are performed by holding the work by chuck or a face plate or an angle plate:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Drilling Reaming Boring Counter boring Taper boring 6. Internal thread cutting 7. Tapping 8. Under cutting 9. Parting off

Operations which are performed by using special attachments are:


Grinding 2. Milling
1.

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2. Drilling machine
Drilling is simple and very convenient way of getting holes.

CLASSIFICATION OF DRILLING MACHINE: 1.According to construction 2.According to application There are varieties of drilling machine in use: 1.Portable drilling machine 2.Sensitive drilling machine 3.Upright drilling machine 4.Radial drilling machine 5.Gang drilling machine 6.Multispindle drilling machine 7.Turret type drilling machine 8.Automatic drilling machine 9.NC drilling machine
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Construction of drilling machine

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Specification of drilling machine


Make Model Drilling capacity Spindle speed (RPM) Main motor (KW) Max diameter of drilling Max diameter of work piece Length of arm Size and no. of holes

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Work holding devices used.


1.

2.
3. 4.

5.
6. 7.

8.

Machine vice T-bolt Step block Parallels V-block Angle plate Step clamp Drill chip

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Tool holding devices used


Drill chuck Sleeve and socket Spindle in which the tool is fitted directly

Drilling operations.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Drilling Reaming Boring Counter boring Counter sinking Spot facing Tapping Grinding Trepanning

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3. Shaper machine
Shaper is used generally to get flat surfaces on small to medium size work piece.

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Classification of shaper machine

1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 1. 2.

According to driving mechanism: Crank type Gear type Hydraulic type According to direction of travel of arm: Horizontal shaper Vertical shaper Traveling head shaper According to design table Standard shaper Universal shaper According to nature of cutting stroke Push type shaper Draw type shaper
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Operation performed on shaper


1.

Machining horizontal surface

2. Machining vertical surface 3. Machining angular surface 4. Cutting slot, grooves and key ways

5. Machining irregular surface


6. Machining splines or cutting gears
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4. Milling machine

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Milling cutters..

22

Thank You

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