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The Network Layer in The Internet

The document discusses the network layer in the Internet protocol stack. It describes the core protocols used at the network layer including IP, ICMP, ARP, RARP and BOOTP. It provides details on IP addressing and routing. The document is presented over multiple slides covering these network layer topics in detail.

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Amit Gupta
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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820 views19 pages

The Network Layer in The Internet

The document discusses the network layer in the Internet protocol stack. It describes the core protocols used at the network layer including IP, ICMP, ARP, RARP and BOOTP. It provides details on IP addressing and routing. The document is presented over multiple slides covering these network layer topics in detail.

Uploaded by

Amit Gupta
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Network Layer in the Internet

2/8/2013

Internet Protocol [IP]

Is a host-to host network layer delivery protocol. It is unreliable & Connectionless Datagram Protocol. It is a best effort delivery service.

2/8/2013

IP HEADER
32 bits

2/8/2013

Type of Service

D- Delay T- Throughput R- Relay

2/8/2013

Control Flags

Bit 0:

reserved, must be zero

Bit 1:

(DF) 0 = May Fragment, 1 = Don't Fragment.

Bit 2:

(MF) 0 = Last Fragment, 1 = More Fragments.

2/8/2013

Protocol

Defines the higher level protocols that uses the services of IP layer.
Value Protocol
ICMP IGMP TCP UDP OSPF

Transport Layer ICMP IGMP

TCP

UDP

1 2

OSPF

6 17

Network Layer

Header

89

2/8/2013

Options
Option
Security Strict source routing Loose source routing Record route Timestamp

Description
Specifies how secret the datagram Gives the complete path to be followed Gives a list of routers not be missed. Makes each router append its IP address Makes each router append its IP address and Timestamp

2/8/2013

IP Address
Common Notation to show a n IP address 1. Binary Notation. [BN] 2. Dotted Decimal Notation. [DDN] Eg:
BN 10000000 00001011 00000011 00011111

DDN

128.11.3.31

2/8/2013

Classful Addressing

32 bits

Class
A B
0 10 Network Network Host Host 1.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255

C
D E

110

Network

Host

192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 240.0.0.0 to 247.255.255.255

1110

Multicast Address

11110

Reserved for future use

2/8/2013

Subnet & Subnet Mask

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10

Internet Control Protocols


ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol ARP -- Address Resolution Protocol RARP - Reverse Address Resolution Protocol BOOTP- BOOTstrap Protocol

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11

ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol


IP has two deficiencies 1. Lack of Error Control 2. Lack of Assistance Mechanisms To overcome these deficiencies ICMP was designed.

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12

ICMP Types of Messages


ICMP messages can be divided into two broad categories: 1. Error Reporting Messages 2. Query Messages

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13

Error Reporting Messages

Error Reporting

Destination Unreachable

Source Quench

Time Exceeded

Parameter Problems

Redirection

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14

Query Messages
Query

Echo request & reply

Time stamp request & reply

Address Mask request & reply

Router solicitation & advertisement

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15

The Address Resolution Protocol


Router has 2 IP addresses 192.31.60.4 192.31.65.1 F2 192.31.65.7 192.31.65.5
1 2

Router has 2 IP addresses To WAN 192.31.60.7 192.31.63.3 192.31.63.8


3 4

F1

F3

E1

E2

E3

Campus FDDI ring 192.31.60.0

E4

E5

E6

Ethernet Addresses

CS Ethernet
192.31.65.0 EE Ethernet 192.31.63.0
2/8/2013 16

Reverse Address resolution protocol

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17

BOOTP Protocol

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18

Self Study

The Interior Gateway Routing Protocol [OSPF] The Exterior Gateway Routing Protocol [BGP] Internet Multicasting Mobile IP Classless InterDomain Routing [ CDIR]

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19

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