Main Provisions of Companies Act 1956 Click to edit Master subtitle style

Presented By: Dhaval Thakor

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Companies Act

The Companies Act is a successor to the Indian Companies Act of 1913 and is a consolidation of many successive Amendment Acts, statutory rules and principles laid down in decisions of the courts in India and England.

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Meaning of Company Sec.3 of Companies Act, 1956 defines company asA company formed and registered under the Act or an existing company

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Features of a Company:

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Incorporated Association Artificial Person Separate Legal Entity Limited Liability Transferability of Shares Perpetual Existence Common Seal

Classification of Companies

In the Companies Act, companies are classified as follows:

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The Companies Act also maintains three special types of companies namely: Holding and Subsidiary companies Government Companies Investment Companies
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LIMITED COMPANIES

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A company in which the liability of its members is limited to the amount of share capital subscribed by them or standing in their namesin the event of winding up. There are three types of limited companies: Public limited company Private company

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D IL IMITE O IAN ION L ND T g; I ORA E P

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t Je ys g; wa E r i

3) Deemed public company: a private company incorporated in India, which is a subsidiary of a public company, can be called as deemed public company in india

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Unlimited companies

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A company not having any limit on the liability of its members is termed as unlimited company. The members of an unlimited company are liable, like the partners of a firm, for all its trade debts without any limit. An unlimited company must have Articles of Association,

Guarantee Companies

The liability of the members of a guarantee company is limited by a fixed sum which is specified in the memorandum and beyond which they cannot be called upon to contribute.

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Government Companies

The Companies Act defines Government Company as a company in which

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not less than 50% of the paid up share capital is held by the central Government, or by any State Government or governments, or

Holding and Subsidiary Companies

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1. Holding Companies:-The Company which holds more than half of the nominal value of share capital of another company or controls the composition of board of directors of another company is known asHolding company. 2.Subsidiary Companies:-A company

Foreign companies:-A company incorporated outside the region of a nation but has a placeof businessin the nation is known as Foreign Company. Investment Companies:A company whose principal business is acquisition of shares, debentures or other securities.
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Formation of Company

Company comes existence when a number of persons come together with an intention to do some business. These persons are called promoters

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Process of Formation of Company

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Memorandum of Association

A Memorandum of Association is a fundamental document of a company which is also known as the Charter of the company. It lays down objects, scope of activities, limitations,power of a company beyond which a company cannot go.

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Characteristics Of Memorandum of Association

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Contents of MOA

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THE NAME CLAUSE: Name which is confirmed by the Registrar should be stated in this clause. The name with Limited as the last word of the name in case of public limited company and with Private Limited as the last word of the name in case of private limited company. REGISTERED OFFICE CLAUSE:

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THE OBJECT CLAUSE: Main objects to be pursued by the company on its incorporation and Objects incidental or ancillary to the attainment of main objects. THE LIABILITY CLAUSE: the nature and extent of liability of its members. THE CAPITAL CLAUSE: The amount of share capital with which the company is to be registered. It shall also give the

Articles of Association

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The Articles of Association is a document of a company which contains the rules, regulations or bye laws for regulating the internal affairs of a company. It defines the mode and form in which the business of the company is to be carried on. They are framed with the object of carrying out the aims

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Contents of Articles
The articles of a company usually contain regulations relating to the following maters:

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Share Capital and rights attached to different classes of shares. Calls on shares. Forfeiture of shares. Transfer and Transmission of shares. Redemption of Preference shares. Rights of members. General Meetings. Rights of members in General meetings.

Prospectus

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According to Companies Act, prospectus" means any document described or issued as a prospectus and includes any notice, circular, advertisement or other documentinviting deposits from the public or inviting offers from the public for the subscription or purchase of any shares in, or debentures of, a body corporate.

Certificate of Commencement of Business

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A certificate of commencement of business is issued by registrar after filing of a declaration by a director or secretary stating that the company has collected the minimum subscription stated in the prospectus and that the directors have taken the qualification shares

Registration of Company

The MOA and AOA, if any, have to be submitted to the Registrar of Companies of the state in which it is proposed to locate the registered office of the company. Following documents should also be submitted:

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Form1 declaration of compliance with the requirements of Companies Act 1956

Board of Directors

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The company being an artificial person, its activities have to be carried out by persons authorised for that purpose. The executive authority is usually exercised by Board of Directors,

A person shall not be capable of being appointed director of a company,

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Of unsound mind Undischarged insolvent Applied to be adjudicated as an insolvent and his application is pending. Convicted by a court of any offence involving moral turpitude and sentenced thereof to imprisonment for not less than six months and not less than five years has elapsed from the date of expiry of the sentence. Not paid call moneyznd six

Meeting of Directors
The companies Act contains the following provisions relating to board meeting. Number of Meetings: In the case of every company a meeting of its board of directors shall be held at least once in every 3 months and at least 4 such meetings shall be held in every year. Notice of Meetings: Notice of every meeting of the board of directors of a company shall be 2/7/13 given in writing to every

Powers of the Board of Directors

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POWERS

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Power to- Make calls on shareholders in respect of money unpaid To buy-back its shares To issue debentures To borrow other than debentures To invest funds of the Co., and To make loans. Powers only at the meetings: To fill casual vacancies in the Board,

Restrictions on Powers of Directors

The BODs of a public Co. cannot exercise the following powers without the consent of the shareholders in general meeting: Sell or lease the undertaking of the Co. Remit or give time for the repayment of any debt Invest otherwise than in trust securities. Borrow money exceeding the 2/7/13

Inter-Corporate Investments

According to section 372 of the Companies Act, the BOD of a company is entitled to invest in any shares of any other body corporate upto 10% of the subscribed capital of such other body corporate subject to following:

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The aggregate of investments made in all other companies shall not exceed 30% of the

Winding Up of Companies
A company registered under Companies Act can cease to exist by any one of the following legal methods: If a company transfers its undertaking(s) to any other company under a scheme of reconstruction or amalgamation. The name of a defunct company may be removed 2/7/13

There are two principal modes of winding up of a company:

Voluntary wind up Compulsory wind up Voluntary

wind up:

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A declaration of insolvency by the Board at its meeting is necessary for Voluntary wind up of a company by its members. Voluntary wind up may be: o At the instance of members or creditors or o Under the provision of court

Compulsory wind up

A company may be wound up by court, if the company: By special provision resolved that it be wound by court Made default in delivering the statutory report to the registrar or in holding the statutory meeting Does not commence its business within a year from date of its incorporation 2/7/13

Any Questions.?

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