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    Production Methods: Ladon Swann Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium Auburn University

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    Sergio Vazquez Mata
    This document discusses different methods for fish production, including ponds, raceways, cages, and recirculating systems. It provides details on site selection, construction, and typical production rates for each method. Levee ponds are the most common method and involve constructing earthen levees around a pond area. Raceways involve channels for water flow. Cages are used in both fresh and saltwater environments. Recirculating systems reuse water through filters and tanks in an enclosed building. Production rates vary based on inputs like feeding and aeration but generally range from 1,000 to 45,000 pounds per acre.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Production Methods: Ladon Swann Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium Auburn University

    Uploaded by

    Sergio Vazquez Mata
    110 views48 pages
    This document discusses different methods for fish production, including ponds, raceways, cages, and recirculating systems. It provides details on site selection, construction, and typical production rates for each method. Levee ponds are the most common method and involve constructing earthen levees around a pond area. Raceways involve channels for water flow. Cages are used in both fresh and saltwater environments. Recirculating systems reuse water through filters and tanks in an enclosed building. Production rates vary based on inputs like feeding and aeration but generally range from 1,000 to 45,000 pounds per acre.

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    Production Methods Swann

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    This document discusses different methods for fish production, including ponds, raceways, cages, and recirculating systems. It provides details on site selection, construction, and typical production rates for each method. Levee ponds are the most common method and involve constructing earthen levees around a pond area. Raceways involve channels for water flow. Cages are used in both fresh and saltwater environments. Recirculating systems reuse water through filters and tanks in an enclosed building. Production rates vary based on inputs like feeding and aeration but generally range from 1,000 to 45,000 pounds per acre.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    110 views48 pages

    Production Methods: Ladon Swann Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium Auburn University

    Uploaded by

    Sergio Vazquez Mata
    This document discusses different methods for fish production, including ponds, raceways, cages, and recirculating systems. It provides details on site selection, construction, and typical production rates for each method. Levee ponds are the most common method and involve constructing earthen levees around a pond area. Raceways involve channels for water flow. Cages are used in both fresh and saltwater environments. Recirculating systems reuse water through filters and tanks in an enclosed building. Production rates vary based on inputs like feeding and aeration but generally range from 1,000 to 45,000 pounds per acre.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 48

    Production Methods

    LaDon Swann Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium Auburn University

    Production Methods
    Ponds Raceways Cages and Pens Recirculating systems

    Levee Ponds
    Levee ponds are the most common fish production method Common food species
    red drum catfish trout and salmon hybrid striped bass tilapia cobia

    Levee Ponds
    Site selection
    topography pesticides utilities drainage wetlands clay content

    Construction
    levee depth slope water drains

    Production rates

    Types

    Site Selection
    Time spent analyzing a site is time well spent. Many problems associated with levee ponds can be traced back to poor site selection.

    Site Selection
    Criteria
    topography
    gentle slope

    pesticide residuals
    test

    utilities
    essential

    Site Selection
    Criteria
    drainage
    locate for gravity drainage

    wetlands
    regulatory difficulties

    clay
    10-20% is idea, but good ponds can be constructed with less or more.
    depends soil composition

    Types
    Spawning
    less than 1 acre easy to drain/fill

    Fingerling
    1-5 acres easy to drain/refill

    Finishing
    5 acres or larger draining
    continual -- no batch -- yes

    1-5 1

    Spawning

    Fingerling

    Finishing

    Construction
    Ponds last decades when properly constructed. $3-5 K per acre Components
    levee depth slope water supply drains

    Levee
    Core trench
    dug to anchor levee to existing topography core depth equal depth of pond filled with high clay content soil compacted

    Levee
    Remove soil from central part of pond to construct levees Add 8-10 layers Compact

    Levee
    20 ft wide main
    harvesting equipment

    16 ft wide side
    feed trucks

    Slope
    Horizontal distance in feet for each foot of height or a2 + b2 = c2 or s = Rise/Run 3:1 minimum inside

    Depth
    Shallow end
    2.5-3.5 ft prevents rooted plant growth

    Deep end
    6-7 ft (drain) prevents unnecessary draining to harvest

    2.5-3.5

    6-7 ft

    Freeboard
    Freeboard
    height of the levee from the water surface to the top of the levee 2 ft

    2 ft recommended
    prevents overflow erosion control

    Water Supply
    Ponds should be able to fill in 7 days or less Use gate or alfalfa valves to control flow

    Drain
    Ponds should able to completely drain in 2 days or less. PVC pr galvanized Anti-seep collar
    prevents seepage around drain pipe collar should be 3 times the diameter of the pipe

    Drain
    Swivel drain Vertical standpipe

    Production Rates
    Variables
    Increased Yields

    feed aeration harvest method


    continual batch

    1,000 to 10,000 lbs./acre

    No Inputs

    Feed

    Feed Aeration

    Feed Aeration Continual Harvesting

    Raceways
    Site selection
    water supply location topography

    Construction
    material dimensions earthen construction concrete construction

    Types
    series parallel

    Production rates

    Site Selection
    Water supply
    use large quantities of water gravity springs are most economical

    Location
    near water supply

    Topography
    8-10 percent slope 18-24 inch water drop

    Types
    Series
    flow through multiple races

    Parallel
    flow through one race
    Series

    Parallel

    Construction
    Materials
    any non-toxic material must hold water

    Concrete

    Earthen

    Dimensions
    Ratio of 30:3:1
    aids in water flow self-cleaning easier harvest
    For Example: 120 ft x 12 ft x 4 ft

    12 ft

    120 ft 4 ft

    Production Rates
    Variables
    Increased Yields

    feed aeration harvest method


    continual batch

    20,000 to 45,000 lbs./ft3/sec.


    (449 gals/min)

    No Inputs

    Feed

    Feed Aeration

    Feed Aeration Continual Harvesting

    Cages
    Site selection
    water sources water quality

    Construction
    bag frame feeding ring lid floatation

    Types
    round rectangular

    Placement Production rates

    Site Selection
    Types
    Farm Ponds Bays and Fiords Open Ocean

    Specifications
    Freshwater
    1 acre minimum 4-5 ft. average depth

    20 acre barrow pit

    Saltwater
    70-100 ft

    Types
    Types
    Small cages Large net pens

    Size
    is based on economics and management

    Construction
    Sizes
    small cages less than 200 ft3. large net pens for near and offshore production

    Materials
    non-toxic durable retains fish allow floatation

    Salmon net pens

    Cage Placement
    Specifications
    open areas of water to allow good circulation provide space between cages number depends on size of pond (carrying capacity)

    Production Rates
    Variables
    feed aeration harvest method
    continual batch

    Carrying capacity

    10-20 lbs. per ft3 no more than 1,500-2,000 lbs./acre

    Increased Yields

    No Inputs

    Feed

    Feed Feed Aeration Aeration Continual Harvesting

    Recirculating Systems
    Site components
    pump house emergency generator 3 phase electricity bulk feed storage oxygen supply building

    System components
    oxygen biological filter buffering system heaters/chillers solids filter lighting tanks

    Production rates

    Site Components
    Building Water Electricity
    3 phase

    Other
    bulk feed oxygen tanks emergency generator

    Building
    Pole barn
    enclosed or semi-enclosed
    access foam insulation moisture proof floor drains

    Electricity
    3 phase electricity
    electricity is a major cost and 3 phase will reduce the expense

    Emergency generator
    in event of power outage there is a 30 minute window to restore power to system.

    System Components
    Primary
    biofilter solids filter tanks pump buffering system oxygen pumps heaters/chillers lighting

    Secondary

    Biological Filter
    Function
    nitrification oxidizes ammonia and nitrite to nitrate

    NH3

    1 O2 nitrosomonas

    NO2-

    1 O2 nitrobacter

    NO3-

    Solids Filter
    Types
    sand filter settling chambers inclined tubes screen filters

    Function
    settleable (feces and food) also some suspended

    Tanks
    Criteria
    non-toxic durable corrosion resistant

    Materials
    fiberglass concrete plastic glass others with liners

    Pump
    Types
    impeller driven airlift

    Purpose
    to return water through system usually placed after biofilter

    Oxygen
    Sources
    aerators
    agitators blowers ventura pumps

    oxygenation
    packed towers U-tubes cones

    Packed tower

    Bicarbonate Drip
    Rational
    CO2 from respiration nitrification is an acidifying process

    Purpose
    add alkalinity to water

    Other Components
    Lighting
    low light levels reduce stress to fish

    Heaters/chillers
    depending on species

    Production Rates
    Variables
    feed aeration harvest method
    continual batch

    to 1 lb./gallon

    Increased Yields

    No Inputs

    Feed

    Feed Feed Aeration Aeration Continual Harvesting

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