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    Dispersion Compensation Fibre

    Uploaded by

    Gyana Ranjan Mati
    Chromatic dispersion effect Dispersion compensating techniques Optimization of residual dispersion or its map PMD compensation Conclusions

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Dispersion Compensation Fibre

    Uploaded by

    Gyana Ranjan Mati
    99 views16 pages
    Chromatic dispersion effect Dispersion compensating techniques Optimization of residual dispersion or its map PMD compensation Conclusions

    Original Title

    DISPERSION COMPENSATION FIBRE

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    Chromatic dispersion effect Dispersion compensating techniques Optimization of residual dispersion or its map PMD compensation Conclusions

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    99 views16 pages

    Dispersion Compensation Fibre

    Uploaded by

    Gyana Ranjan Mati
    Chromatic dispersion effect Dispersion compensating techniques Optimization of residual dispersion or its map PMD compensation Conclusions

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    New functionalities for advanced optical interfaces (Dispersion compensation)

    Kazuo Yamane
    Photonic systems development dept.

    Fujitsu

    Outline

    Chromatic dispersion effect Dispersion compensating techniques Optimization of residual dispersion or its map PMD compensation Conclusions

    Fujitsu

    Signal distortion due to chromatic dispersion


    Optical spectrum Wavelength Transmitter output Spectrum broadening Difference in group velocity Pulse broadening (Waveform distortion) Optical fiber
    Group velocity

    Receiver input

    Time Original signal

    Time Regenerated signal

    1
    3

    Fujitsu

    1
    Time

    Wavelength

    Time

    Waveform distortion due to fiber non-linearity


    High power intensity Refractive index change Frequency chirp Spectrum broadening Waveform distortion due to chromatic dispersion

    Optical fiber

    Low optical power

    High optical power

    Transmitter out
    4 Fujitsu

    Received waveform

    Dispersion compensation example


    Transmission fiber Dispersion compensating fiber (DCF)

    Positive dispersion (Negative dispersion)


    Longer wavelength Shorter wavelength

    Negative dispersion (Positive dispersion)


    Longer wavelength Shorter wavelength Fast (Slow) Slow (Fast)

    Slow (Fast) Fast (Slow)

    40 Gb/s optical signal

    25 ps

    Transmitter output
    5

    After fiber transmission


    Fujitsu

    After dispersion comp.

    DC allocations and dispersion maps


    R.D. [ps/nm]

    Postcomp.

    Fiber#1

    Fiber#2

    DC

    DC

    Distance [km]

    + R.D. [ps/nm]

    Pre-comp.

    Fiber#1

    Fiber#2

    DC

    DC

    Distance [km]

    R.D. [ps/nm]

    Post- & Precomp.

    Fiber#1

    Fiber#2

    DC
    6

    DC

    DC
    Fujitsu

    Distance [km]

    Residual dispersion and tolerance of receiver


    Allowable penalty + R.D. [ps/nm]
    Longer wavelength

    + R.D. [ps/nm] Distance [km] Penalty [dB]

    Center wavelength Shorter wavelength

    Dispersion tolerance of receiver

    Parameters affecting to the tolerance - Signal bit rate - Channel counts and spacing - Distance or number of spans - Fibre type - Fibre input power - Pre-chirping of transmitter - Modulation scheme of transmitter - DC allocation / value
    7 Fujitsu

    Need to consider the variation of tolerance due to characteristics of transmitter, fibre non-linear effects and dispersion map. Even if residual dispersion values are same, the received waveforms are different, affected by these parameters.

    Comparison of 40Gbit/s modulation schemes


    NRZ RZ CS-RZ Optical duobinary

    Optical power (dBm)

    108 GHz
    -20
    -40 1542 1545 1548 -20 -40

    180 GHz
    -20 -40 1545 1548 1542 1545

    165 GHz
    -20 -40 1548 1542

    70 GHz

    1542

    1545

    1548

    Wavelength (nm)

    Wavelength (nm)

    Wavelength (nm)

    Wavelength (nm)

    Now evaluating transmission performance


    Chromatic dispersion tolerance Fibre non-linear tolerance (Maximum input power) Spectral tolerance (Degradation due to filter narrowing)
    8 Fujitsu

    A past field experiment example


    10Gbit/s 750km WDM field trial between Berlin and Darmstadt (Ref.: OFC/IOOC99, Technical Digest TuQ2, A. Ehrhardt, et.al.)

    Berlin
    Before Optimization
    O/E Post-amplifier

    Link for field trial

    Darmstadt

    E/O Pre-amplifier

    After optimization
    -400 ps/nm O/E Post-amplifier Pre-amplifier +900 ps/nm E/O

    Fujitsu

    Dispersion maps and waveforms in the trial


    Dispersion (ps/nm)
    2000 1500 1000 500 0 -500 -1000 -1500 -2000
    0 200 400 600 800 Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4

    Before optimization

    Distance (km)

    Dispersion (ps/nm)

    2000 1500 1000 500 0 -500 -1000 -1500 -2000


    0 200 400 Channel 1 Channel 1 (Before) (After)

    After optimization

    600

    800

    Distance (km)
    10 Fujitsu

    Automatic dispersion compensation example


    l1 Tx #1 l2 Tx #2 Provisioning
    VDC

    Provisioning & Tracking


    VDC

    Rx #1 Rx #2 Rx #40

    l40 Tx #40

    DC

    DC

    li Dispersion Monitor

    Dispersion compensator (fixed or variable)

    VIPA variable dispersion compensator


    Line-focusing lens Optical circulator

    DC > 0

    Variable x-axis

    DC < 0
    Glass plate

    Collimating lens

    Focusing lens
    3-Dimensional Mirror

    VIPA : Virtually Imaged Phased Array


    11 Fujitsu

    Dispersion compensation trend


    NE NE

    Photonic network Manage dispersion or residual dispersion (dispersion map) !!


    NE NE NE

    Transmitter / Receiver
    Adjust parameters including residual dispersion to optimum!!
    12 Fujitsu

    Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)


    Cross-section of optical fiber
    Cladding Core

    Ideal

    Practical
    Fast axis

    Slow axis

    1st-order PMD

    Fast

    Dt Dt
    Slow
    D t : Differential Group Delay (DGD)

    - Well defined, frequency independent eigenstates - Deterministic, frequency independent Differential Group Delay (DGD) - DGD scales linearity with fiber length
    13 Fujitsu

    Higher-order PMD
    D tn

    D t1

    D t2

    D t3

    D t4

    Mode-coupling at random locations with random strength


    Maxwellian distribution of the instantaneous DGD

    -Statistically varying due to environmental fluctuations -Fiber PMD unit: ps/ km

    Frequency of occurrence

    -Frequency dependence of DGD

    Prob.(DGD>3xPMD) = 4x10-5 = 21 min/year Prob.(DGD>3.5xPMD) =10-6 = 32 sec/year PMD 3.5PMD Instantaneous DGD (ps)

    14

    Fujitsu

    Automatic PMD compensation


    PMD compensation scheme in receiver
    PMD comp. device #1 PMD comp. device #2 PMD comp. device #3 O/E module

    40Gb/s waveforms Before PMD comp.

    Control algorithm

    Distortion analyzer

    After PMD comp.

    PMD characteristic changes slowly due to normal environmental fluctuations (e.g. temperature) But, fast change due to e.g. fiber touching High-speed PMD compensation device & Intelligent control algorithm
    15 Fujitsu

    Conclusions

    In fibre optical high bit rate (such as 10G or 40G bit/s) long-haul transmission systems, dispersion compensation is one of the most important items to be considered for design. Management or optimization of residual dispersion are required for photonic networks, i.e., for fibres, repeaters and optical interfaces. PMD compensation is also required especially for 40Gbit/s or higher bit rate long-haul systems.

    16

    Fujitsu

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