EXCITATION CONTROL SYSTEM ELEMENT OF EXCITATION CONTROL SYSTEM EXCITATION CONTROL SYSTEM REQUIREMENT TYPES OF EXCITATION SYSTEM

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

The basic function of an excitation system is to provide direct current to the synchronous machine field winding. The excitation system performs control and protective functions essential to the satisfactory performance of the power system by controlling the field voltage and there by field current. The control functions include the control of voltage and reactive power flow, and enhancement of system stability
Topic: Excitation system

Sub: Advance power system

The performance requirements of the excitation system are determined by consideration of the synchronous generator as well as power system. The basic requirement is that the excitation system supply and automatically adjust the field current of the synchronous generator to maintain to maintain the terminal voltage as the output varies within the continuous capability of the generator.
Topic: Excitation system

Sub: Advance power system

The excitation system should contribute to effective control of voltage and enhancement of system stability, and of modulating the generator field so as to enhance small signal stability.

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

To fulfill the above roles satisfactory, the excitation system must satisfy the following requirements: 1.Meet specified response criteria. 2.Meet the desired reliability and availability, by incorporating the necessary level of redundancy and internal fault detection and isolation capability. 3.Provide limiting and protective function as required to prevent damage to itself, the generator and other equipment. 4.Meet specified requirements for operating flexibility.

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

Figure shows the functional block diagram of a typical excitation control system for a large synchronous generator. The following is a brief description of the various subsystem identified in fig.

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

EXCITER:- Provide dc power to the synchronous machine field winding, constituting the power stage of the excitation system. REGULATOR:- Processes and amplifies input control signal to a level and form appropriate for control of the exciter.

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

TERMINAL VOLTAGE TRANSDUCER & LOAD COMPENSATOR:- Senses generator voltage, rectifies &filter it to dc , and compare it with reference which represent desire voltage. POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER:- Provides an additional input signal to regulator to regulate damp power system oscillations.

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

LIMITERS AND PROTECTIVE CIRCUITS:These include a wide array of control and protective functions which ensure that the capacity limit of the exciter and synchronous generator are not exceeded.

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

Excitation system may be classified into the following three categories: 1. DC excitation system 2. AC excitation system 3. Static excitation system

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

Figure shows a simplified schematic representation of a typical dc excitation system with a amplidyne voltage regulator. It consists of a dc commutator exciter which supply direct current to the main generator field through slip rings. The exciter field is controlled by an amplidyne.

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

AC excitation system is used for alternator as sources of the main excitation power. The ac output of the exciter is rectified by rectifiers to produce the direct current needed for the generator field. The rectified may be classified in to a. Stationary rectifier system b. Rotating rectifier system
Topic: Excitation system

Sub: Advance power system

With stationary rectifiers the dc output is fed to the field winding of the main generator through slip rings. As shown in figures two independent modes of regulation are provided

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

1. AC regulator to automatically maintain the main generator stator terminal voltage at a desire value corresponding to the ac reference 2. DC regulator to maintain constant generator filed voltage as determined by the ac reference.

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

With rotating rectifiers the need for slip rings and is eliminated, and the dc output is directly fed to the main generator field. As shown in figures, the armature of the ac exciter and the diode rectifiers rotate with the main generator field.

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

A small ac pilot exciter, with a permanent magnet rotor , rotates with the exciter armature and the diode rectifiers. The voltage regulator controls the ac exciter field, which in turn controls the field of the main generator.

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

All components in these systems are static or stationary. Static rectifiers, controlled or uncontrolled, supply the excitation current to the field of the main synchronous generator through slip rings.

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

This systems are classified in to: A. Potential-source controlled-rectifier systems B. Compound-source rectifier system C. Compound-control rectifier excitation system

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

In this system, the excitation power is supplied through a transformer from the generator terminals or the station auxiliary bus, and is regulated by a controlled rectifier This type of excitation system is also commonly known as a bus-fed or transformerfed static system.

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

The power of excitation system is formed by utilizing the current as well as the voltage of the main generator. This may be achieved by means of a power potential transformer (PPT) and saturablecurrent transformer (SCT) as shown in figure.

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

This system utilizes controlled rectifier in the exciter output circuit and the compounding of voltage and current-derived sources within the generator stator to provide excitation power. Figure shows a single line diagram of the system.

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

The voltage source is formed by a set of three phase winding placed in three slots in the generator stator. The current source is obtained from a the CT mounted on stator winding. These source are combined through transformer action and ac output is rectified by power semiconductor.

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

The means of control is provided by a combination of diodes and thyristors connected to form a shunt bridge A static ac voltage regulator controls the firing circuits of the thyristors and thus regulates the excitation to the generator field.

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system

Sub: Advance power system

Topic: Excitation system